ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2020
UnReal? Investigating the Sense of Reality and Psychotic Symptoms with Virtual Reality.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presence Is Reality: Rethinking Virtual and Real-World Consciousness.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- From facing fears to experimental frontiers: immersive cinematic virtual reality environments as a catalyst for innovation in behavioral neuroscience.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Lifting the veil: probing altered visual perception in derealization.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Associations between disturbed sleep and attenuated psychotic experiences in people at clinical high risk for psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- The insula: Leveraging cellular and systems-level research to better understand its roles in health and schizophrenia.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Psychedelic replications in virtual reality and their potential as a therapeutic instrument: an open-label feasibility study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Lived Experiences of Psychosis: Understanding the Gap Between Perception and Reality.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Article
- Virtual Reality in the Assessment, Understanding and Treatment of Mental Health Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Assessing the Relationship between Sense of Agency, the Bodily-Self and Stress: Four Virtual-Reality Experiments in Healthy Individuals.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- The missing pieces: an investigation into the parallels between Charles Bonnet, phantom limb and tinnitus syndromes.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Distortions of reality, such as hallucinations, are common symptoms of many psychiatric conditions. Accordingly, sense of reality (SoR), the ability to discriminate between true and false perceptions, is a central criterion in the assessment of neurological and psychiatric health. Despite the critical role of the SoR in daily life, little is known about how this is formed in the mind. Here, we propose a novel theoretical and methodological framework to study the SoR and its relation to psychotic symptoms. In two experiments, we employed a specialized immersive virtual reality (VR) environment allowing for well-controlled manipulations of visual reality. We first tested the impact of manipulating visual reality on objective perceptual thresholds (just noticeable differences). In a second experiment, we tested how these manipulations affected subjective judgments of reality. The results revealed that the objective perceptual thresholds were robust and replicable, demonstrating that SoR is a stable psychometric property that can be measured experimentally. Furthermore, reality alterations reduced subjective reality judgments across all manipulated visual aspects. Finally, reduced sensitivity to changes in visual reality was related to self-reported prodromal psychotic symptoms. These results provide evidence for the relevance of SoR in the assessment of psychosis and other mental disorders in which reality is distorted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.