ReviewExperimental dermatology2021
Hypertrophic scars and keloids: Overview of the evidence and practical guide for differentiating between these abnormal scars.
Review in Experimental dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07397520 (The Application of Intralesional 5-fluorouracil for the Management of Hypertrophic Facial Scars in the Periocular Region Resulting From Trauma and Surgical Procedures in Individuals Aged Over 18 Years), which is not on this map. Cited by 96 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Application of Intralesional 5-fluorouracil for the Management of Hypertrophic Facial Scars in the Periocular Region Resulting From Trauma and Surgical Procedures in Individuals Aged Over 18 Years
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- From mechanics to mobilization: a biomechanically-informed rehabilitation framework for cesarean-related scars.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Surgical Excision with Adjuvant Therapies in the Management of Keloids: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of keloids uncovers novel susceptibility loci in diverse populations.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- The role of IL-17 and Th17 cells in keloid pathogenesis.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Pressure Therapy Alone and in Combination with Silicone in Prevention of Hypertrophic Scars: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Pooled it
- A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparison of Subcuticular Suture and Adhesive Strip for Cosmetic Outcome in Median Sternotomy Closure in Patient Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Trial
- A First-In-Human Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of LEM-S401, a Novel siRNA-DegradaBALL Drug Targeting CTGF in Healthy Adults.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and satisfaction rate of topical latanoprost in patients with hypopigmented burn scars treated with fractional CO2 laser: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2025Trial
- [Effect of different degrees of wound eversion sutures on scar formation at donor site of anterolateral thigh flaps: A prospective randomized controlled study].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2024Trial
- The efficacy, satisfaction, and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser in combination with pulsed dye laser (PDL) versus each one alone in the treatment of hypertrophic burn scars: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.Lasers in medical science · 2024Trial
- Hydrogel microneedles functioning in pathological surroundings: where soft materials overcome hard scars.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans following penetrating trauma: Case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Identification of Epigenetic Regulator-Associated Genes in Keloid Disease Through Integrated Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomics With RT-qPCR Validation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A and Argireline on Dermal Collagen Remodeling and Skin Biology in a Flap Model.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Personalized Clinical Workflow for Compression Therapy in Post-Burn Hypertrophic Scars Using 3D Imaging and Computational Modeling: A Feasibility Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Identification and Verification of SLC6A15 Involved in Keloid via Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation strategies in postburn care for pain rehabilitation and scar remodelling.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- Bifunctional Artificial Enzymes-Loaded Microgels With LOX- and CAT-Like Activities for Metabolic Reprogramming and Scarless Wound Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of fibrotic tissue remodelling: insights from systemic sclerosis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance With Time-Frequency Analysis: A Potential Diagnostic Approach for Keloids.International wound journal · 2026Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although hypertrophic scars and keloids both generate excessive scar tissue, keloids are characterized by their extensive growth beyond the borders of the original wound, which is not observed in hypertrophic scars. Whether or not hypertrophic scars and keloids are two sides of the same coin or in fact distinct entities remains a topic of much debate. However, proper comparison between the two ideally occurs within the same study, but this is the exception rather than the rule. For this reason, the goal of this review was to summarize and evaluate all publications in which both hypertrophic scars and keloids were studied and compared to one another within the same study. The presence of horizontal growth is the mainstay of the keloid diagnosis and remains the strongest argument in support of keloids and hypertrophic scars being distinct entities, and the histopathological distinction is less straightforward. Keloidal collagen remains the strongest keloid parameter, but dermal nodules and α-SMA immunoreactivity are not limited to hypertrophic scars alone. Ultimately, the current hypertrophic scars-keloid differences are mostly quantitative in nature rather than qualitative, and many similar abnormalities exist in both lesions. Nonetheless, the presence of similarities does not equate the absence of fundamental differences, some of which may not yet have been uncovered given how much we still have to learn about the processes involved in normal wound healing. It therefore seems pertinent to continue treating hypertrophic scars and keloids as separate entities, until such a time as new findings more decisively convinces us otherwise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.