Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32479375›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental cognitive neuroscience2020

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of family income-to-needs ratio with cortical and subcortical brain volume in adolescent boys and girls.

Lucy S King, Emily L Dennis, Kathryn L Humphreys, Paul M Thompson, Ian H Gotlib

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Socioeconomic status, prefrontal cortical volume, and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. The influence of deprivation on cortical development and psychotic symptoms in youth.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lucy S KingStanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: lucyking@stanford.edu.
Emily L DennisUniversity of Southern California, Imaging Genetics Center, Mary and Mark Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA.
Kathryn L HumphreysVanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
Paul M ThompsonUniversity of Southern California, Imaging Genetics Center, Mary and Mark Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA.
Ian H GotlibStanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Funding

Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1M
Psychobiological Mechanisms Underlying the Association Between Early Life Stress and Depression Across AdolescenceR37MH101495 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI IAN H GOTLIB · 2018 to 2026
$6.6M
Alzheimer's disease risk analyzed using population imaging genomicsR01AG040060 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2011 to 2016
$2.5M
Predicting Brain Changes in HIV/AIDSR01NS080655 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI NAVIA, BRADFORD, THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2012 to 2015
$2.3M
Longitudinal Tracking of Traumatic Brain Injury: Advanced ConnectomicsK99NS096116 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI DENNIS, EMILY LARSEN · 2016 to 2017
$176k
Telomere Length as a Mediator Between Early Life Stress and Child Health OutcomesF32MH107129 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HUMPHREYS, KATHRYN LEIGH · 2015 to 2017
$169k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG040060NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH107129NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH101495NINDS NIH HHS K99 NS096116NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS080655
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deviations in neurodevelopment may underlie the association between lower childhood socioeconomic status and difficulties in cognitive and socioemotional domains. Most previous investigations of the association between childhood socioeconomic status and brain morphology have used cross-sectional designs with samples that span wide age ranges, occluding effects specific to adolescence. Sex differences in the association between socioeconomic status and neurodevelopment may emerge or intensify during adolescence. In a sample representative of the San Francisco Bay Area, we used whole-brain tensor-based morphometry to examine sex differences in the cross-sectional association between variation in family income-to-needs ratio (INR) and cortical and subcortical gray and white matter volume during early adolescence (ages 9-13 years; N = 147), as well as in the longitudinal association between INR and change in volume from early to later adolescence (ages 11-16 years, N = 109). Biological sex interacted with INR to explain variation in volume in several areas cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Effects were primarily in cortical gray matter areas, including regions of the association cortex and sensorimotor processing areas. Effect sizes tended to be larger in boys than in girls. Biological sex may be an important variable to consider in analyses of the effects of family income on structural neurodevelopment during adolescence.

Indexed as

Social ClassAdolescentBrainChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIncomeLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleAdolescenceBiological sexBrain volumeIncomeNeurodevelopmentSocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID32479375
PMCPMC7525143

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.