ArticleProgress in orthodontics2020
Orthodontic bonding procedures significantly influence biofilm composition.
Article in Progress in orthodontics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison Between Detection of Orthodontic-Related Carious Lesions With Fluorescence or Visual Method: A Systematic Review.International journal of dental hygiene · 2026Pooled it
- Manual vs. interactive power toothbrush on plaque removal and salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei levels : Single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized clinical trial in orthodontic patients.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2024Trial
- Inhibition of cariogenic biofilms by a zinc-doped phosphate-based glass orthodontic adhesive.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Finishing protocols of orthodontic attachments determine surface roughness and susceptibility to microbial colonization in vitro.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated Characterization by EDS and Roughness as a Diagnostic Tool for Dental Enamel Degradation: An In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Selected Properties of Ti Coatings Deposited on MED610 for Medical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Healthcare: A Growing Concern in Dentistry.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Evaluation and comparison of microbial colonization on nickel titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs and active tie-backs during orthodontic space closure: AnJournal of orthodontic science · 2025Article
- Antibacterial coating of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures with silver and bismuth nanofilms by magnetron sputtering: A feasibility study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2024Article
- Aesthetic impact of resin infiltration and its mechanical effect on ceramic bonding for white spot lesions.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Managing oral biofilms to avoid enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2023Review
- Long-term changes in thickness, live/dead bacterial ratio, and mineral content in biofilm on ceramic and stainless steel orthodontic attachments.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2023Article
- Combined Effects of Different Bracket Bonding Adhesives and Different Resin Removal Methods on Enamel Discoloration: A Preliminary Study.International journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of Structural Factors Favouring Bacterial Adhesion on Orthodontic Adhesive Resins.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion ofPolymers · 2021Article
- Effects of Caries Activity on Compositions of Mutans Streptococci in Saliva-Induced Biofilm Formed on Bracket Materials.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Novel Orthodontic Cement Comprising Unique Imidazolium-Based Polymerizable Antibacterial Monomers.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause changes in surface properties affect bacterial adhesion, orthodontic bonding procedures may significantly influence biofilm formation and composition around orthodontic appliances. However, most studies used a mono-species biofilm model under static conditions, which does not simulate the intraoral environment and complex interactions of oral microflora because the oral cavity is a diverse and changeable environment. In this study, a multi-species biofilm model was used under dynamic culture conditions to assess the effects of the orthodontic bonding procedure on biofilm formation and compositional changes in two main oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
methodsFour specimens were prepared with bovine incisors and bonding adhesive: untreated enamel surface (BI), enamel surface etched with 37% phosphoric acid (ET), primed enamel surface after etching (PR), and adhesive surface (AD). Surface roughness (SR), surface wettability (SW), and surface texture were evaluated. A multi-species biofilm was developed on each surface and adhesion amounts of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and total bacteria were analyzed at day 1 and day 4 using real-time polymerase chain reaction. After determining the differences in biofilm formation, SR, and SW between the four surfaces, relationships between bacteria levels and surface properties were analyzed.
resultsThe order of SR was AD < PR < BI < ET, as BI and ET showed more irregular surface texture than PR and AD. For SW, ET had the greatest value followed by PR, BI, and AD. S. mutans and P. gingivalis showed greater adhesion to BI and ET with rougher and more wettable surfaces than to AD with smoother and less wettable surfaces. The adhesion of total bacteria and S. mutans significantly increased over time, but the amount of P. gingivalis decreased. The adhesion amounts of all bacteria were positively correlated with SR and SW, irrespective of incubation time.
conclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, changes in SR and SW associated with orthodontic bonding had significant effects on biofilm formation and composition of S. mutans and P. gingivalis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.