ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2020
The empirical relationship between environmental degradation, economic growth, and social well-being in Belt and Road Initiative countries.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cooperative pathways for the green transformation of heavily polluting enterprises: A four-party game-driven mechanism for green M&A.PloS one · 2025Article
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- Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians' religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Nexus between disaggregated energy sources, institutional quality, and environmental degradation in BRI countries: a penal quantile regression analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Does Chinese foreign direct investment harm CO2 emissions in the Belt and Road Economies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Consumption-based carbon emissions, trade, and globalization: an empirical study of Bolivia.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Exploring the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, trade, and COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Can the human development level in middle-income regions meet the challenges of natural capital change from the perspective of decoupling? Evidence from Shaanxi Province.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Assessment on the interaction between technology innovation and eco-environmental systems in China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
This study used principal component analysis (PCA) to develop composite indexes for economic growth, environmental degradation, and social well-being. The mutual relationship between these indexes was empirically tested using a panel vector autoregressive model based on a generalized method of moment approach (PVAR-GMM), and robustness was determined with Driscoll and Kraay regression. To this end, we gathered the data for 36 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries over the period 1995-2016. Using a multivariate framework, the empirical results showed that environmental degradation and social well-being have a significant positive impact on the economic growth index. The social well-being index and economic growth are contributors to environmental degradation. Similarly, economic growth, in the long run, improves social well-being. The results confirm bidirectional causality between economic growth and environmental degradation. Another bidirectional causal relationship was found between economic growth and social well-being. Further, causality exists from social well-being to environmental degradation, but not vice versa. The analysis of the impulse response function exhibited the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve phenomenon in BRI countries. Moreover, the results of variance decomposition suggested that a shock in one index spills over to other indexes simultaneously. The study suggests that policymakers should consider social well-being and environmental degradation in economic activity to achieve sustainable development goals.
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