Observational studyThe lancet. HIV2020
Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort.
Observational study in The lancet. HIV, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 396 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Immunocompromised Persons.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on Utilization of Healthcare Services Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- HIV infection does not affect the risk of death of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 Clinical Presentation Among HIV-Infected Persons in China: A Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 in HIV-positive patients: A systematic review of case reports and case series.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-positive patients: A systematic review of current evidence.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Pooled it
- The likelihood of severe COVID-19 outcomes among PLHIV with various comorbidities: a comparative frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis approach.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Coinfection: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Challenges.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Risk of adverse coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes for people living with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on TB and HIV/AIDS severity in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Brief communication: COVID-19 in patients with HIV-a prospective, single-centre cohort study in Slovakia.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Profile of SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1 coinfection in patients from the extreme south of Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Morbidity and risk factors of COVID-19 in people with HIV-1 in Europe: A combined observational cohort and nested case-control study.HIV medicine · 2025Observational
- A cross-section study of the relationship between lifestyles and severity of COVID-19 symptoms in people living with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the relationship between the IL-17 rs2275913, IL-17 rs763780, and the IL-6 rs1800795 genotypes in HIV-positive patients with COVID-19.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic in a clinic-based cohort of people with and without HIV in four African countries.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInformation about incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of HIV-infected individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is scarce. We characterised individuals with COVID-19 among a cohort of HIV-infected adults in Madrid.
methodsIn this observational prospective study, we included all consecutive HIV-infected individuals (aged ≥18 years) who had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 as of April 30, 2020, at the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Madrid, Spain). We compared the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals with COVID-19 with a sample of HIV-infected individuals assessed before the COVID-19 pandemic, and described the outcomes of individuals with COVID-19.
findings51 HIV-infected individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19 (incidence 1·8%, 95% CI 1·3-2·3). Mean age of patients was 53·3 years (SD 9·5); eight (16%) were women, and 43 (84%) men. 35 (69%) cases of co-infection had laboratory confirmed COVID-19, and 28 (55%) required hospital admission. Age and CD4 cell counts in 51 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were similar to those in 1288 HIV-infected individuals without; however, 32 (63%) with COVID-19 had at least one comorbidity (mostly hypertension and diabetes) compared with 495 (38%) without COVID-19 (p=0·00059). 37 (73%) patients had received tenofovir before COVID-19 diagnosis compared with 487 (38%) of those without COVID-19 (p=0·0036); 11 (22%) in the COVID-19 group had previous protease inhibitor use (mostly darunavir) compared with 175 (14%; p=0·578). Clinical, analytical, and radiological presentation of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals was similar to that described in the general population. Six (12%) individuals were critically ill, two of whom had CD4 counts of less than 200 cells per μL, and two (4%) died. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR remained positive after a median of 40 days from symptoms onset in six (32%) individuals, four of whom had severe disease or low nadir CD4 cell counts.
interpretationHIV-infected individuals should not be considered to be protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection or to have lower risk of severe disease. Generally, they should receive the same treatment approach applied to the general population.
fundingNone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.