ArticleCell2020
Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04854876 (An Open-Label, Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of 5-ALA-Phosphate + SFC as an Immune System Enhancer Along With Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 2,522 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,522citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
88.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of 5-ALA-Phosphate + SFC as an Immune System Enhancer Along With Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection
Who cites it
2,522 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4,009 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
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- A booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting virus variants sustains protective humoral and cellular immunity.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- A gold nanoparticle/peptide vaccine designed to induce SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cells: a double-blind, randomized, phase 1 study in Switzerland.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
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- Trivalent recombinant protein vaccine induces cross-neutralization against XBB lineage and JN.1 subvariants: preclinical and phase 1 clinical trials.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- SARS-CoV-2-induced IgG repertoires shape T cell responses, microRNA regulation, and autoreactivity according to disease severity.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine vectors stably incorporating the functional glycoprotein of VSV.iScience · 2026Article
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- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Persistent cytolytic CD8Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Profiling Identifies Skin-Resident Memory CD4European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Beyond the blood: Tissue-resident immunity shapes SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reproducible detection of antigen-specific T cells and Tregs via standardized and automated activation-induced marker assay workflows.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Computational identification of antigen-specific T cell groups through generative epitope modeling.iScience · 2026Article
- The challenge and promise of studying human antigen-specific T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
2,462 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Alba GrifoniCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Daniela WeiskopfCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Sydney I RamirezCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Jose MateusCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Jennifer M DanCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Carolyn Rydyznski ModerbacherCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Stephen A RawlingsDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Aaron SutherlandCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Lakshmanane PremkumarDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA.
Ramesh S JadiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA.
Daniel MarramaCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Aravinda M de SilvaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA.
April FrazierCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Aaron F CarlinDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Jason A GreenbaumCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Bjoern PetersCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Florian KrammerDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Davey M SmithDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Shane CrottyCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: shane@lji.org.
Alessandro SetteCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: alex@lji.org.
La Jolla Institute for Immunology · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · US
Funding
Single-cell atlas of lung tissue-resident memory T cells reactive to upper and lower respiratory tract pathogensU19AI118626 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Alessandro Sette · 2015 to 2026
$36.7MT follicular helper (Tfh) CD4+ T cell, germinal center, and antibody response dysfunction in human recurrent tonsillitisU19AI142742 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Shane P Crotty · 2019 to 2026
$32.8MHOPE Training GrantT32AI007384 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Sara Gianella Weibel, Scott L Letendre · 1990 to 2026
$9.7MRESEARCH IN INFECTIOUS DISEASEST32AI007036 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI NIZET, VICTOR · 1985 to 2025
$9.2MTraining in Immunological MechanismsT32AI125179 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI CROFT, MICHAEL · 2016 to 2025
$3.1MThe Immunology of Recurrent Group A Streptococcus TonsillitisK08AI135078 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DAN, JENNIFER MARIE · 2018 to 2022
$972kNIAID NIH HHS K08 AI135078NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007036NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007384NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI125179NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI118626NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142742
Abstract
Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development, interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of pandemic control measures. Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide "megapools," circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8
Indexed as
Epitopes, T-LymphocyteBetacoronavirusCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesConvalescenceCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross ReactionsHumansLeukocytes, MononuclearPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusViral ProteinsCOVID-19 VaccinesEpitopes, T-LymphocyteSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Viral ProteinsViral VaccinesCD4CD8coronavirusCOVID-19cross-reactivityepitopesSARS-CoV-2T cells
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What OpenQuestion holds
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Registered trials
NCT04854876ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.