ArticleFamily practice2020
Sex differences in incidence of respiratory symptoms and management by general practitioners.
Article in Family practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
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- One Sample, Many Insights: The Epidemiological and Public Health Value of Multiplex PCR Respiratory Panels Following the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Crack-cocaine use practices, harms and respiratory problems: an analysis of gender differences using data from a cross-sectional survey in England.BMC public health · 2026Article
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- Gender-stratified analyses of symptoms associated with life-threatening events in patients calling out-of-hours primary care for shortness of breath.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- COVID-19 booster doses reduce sex disparities in antibody responses among nursing home residents.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Sex differences in acute respiratory tract infections-multi-year analysis based on data from a large tertiary care medical center in Israel.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Sex differences in health burdens across the lifespan in wild chimpanzees (Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Chronic respiratory symptoms following deployment-related occupational and environmental exposures among US veterans.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Risk stratification and survival time of patients with gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in the intensive care unit.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Respiratory infection risk in positive airway pressure therapy users: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Article
- The relationship between the built environment and respiratory health: Evidence from a longitudinal study in Indonesia.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Individual Healthcare Costs and Burden of Disease Associated with RSV Across Age Groups.PharmacoEconomics · 2022Article
- Contrastive learning of heart and lung sounds for label-efficient diagnosis.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Sex and Gender-Related Differences in COVID-19 Diagnoses and SARS-CoV-2 Testing Practices During the First Wave of the Pandemic: The Dutch Lifelines COVID-19 Cohort Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- Impact of Social, Economic, and Healthcare Factors on the Regional Structure of Antibiotic Consumption in Primary Care in Poland (2013-2017).Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Differences in all-cause mortality by sex in obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.Chronic respiratory diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferences between women and men play an important role in lung physiology and epidemiology of respiratory diseases, but also in the health care processes.
objectiveTo analyse sex differences in patients encountering their general practitioner (GP) with respiratory symptoms with regard to incidence, GP's management and final diagnoses.
methodsRetrospective cohort study, using data of the Dutch Practice Based Research Network. All patients who encountered their GP from 01-07-2013 until 30-06-2018 with a new episode of care starting with a reason for encounter in the respiratory category (R) of the ICPC-2 classification were included (n = 16 773). Multi-level logistic regression was used to analyse influence of patients' sex on management of GPs with adjustment for possible confounders.
resultsWe found a significant higher incidence of respiratory symptoms in women than in men: 230/1000 patient years [95% confidence interval (CI) 227-232] and 186/1000 patient years (95% CI 183-189), respectively. When presenting with cough, GPs are more likely to perform physical examination [odds ratio (OR) 1.22; 95% CI 1.11-1.35] and diagnostic radiology (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.08-1.44), but less likely to prescribe medication (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82-0.95) in men. When visiting the GP with dyspnoea, men more often undergo diagnostic imaging (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.05-1.66) and are more often referred to a specialist (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.13-1.62).
conclusionsWomen encounter their GP more frequently with respiratory symptoms than men and GPs perform more diagnostic investigations in men. We suggest more research in general practice focussing on sex differences and possible confounders.
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