ArticlePhysiological reports2020
Sexually dimorphic production of interleukin-6 in respiratory disease.
Article in Physiological reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pilonidal pit fibroblasts release cytokines that differ by sex and are altered by estrogen.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
- Addressing Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Models of Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between the plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels of depressed/anxious children and their parents.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Sexually dimorphic production of interleukin-6 in respiratory disease.Physiological reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diverging susceptibility and severity in respiratory diseases is prevalent between males and females. Sex hormones have inconclusively been attributed as the cause of these differences, however, strong evidence exists promoting genetic factors leading to sexual dimorphism. As such, we investigate differential proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL8) release from TNF-α stimulated primary human lung fibroblasts in vitro. We present, for the first time, in vitro evidence supporting clinical findings of differential production of IL-6 between males and females across various respiratory diseases. IL-6 was found to be produced approximately two times more from fibroblasts derived from females compared to males. As such we demonstrate sexual dimorphism in cytokine production of IL-6 outside the context of biological factors in the human body. As such, our data highlight that differences exist between males and females in the absence of sex hormones. We, for the first time, demonstrate inherent in vitro differences exist between males and females in pulmonary fibroblasts.
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Registered trials
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