ArticleNeurology and therapy2020
Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Black or African American Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: 3-Year Results from ESTEEM.
Article in Neurology and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with MS: Results from the ESTEEM Phase 4 and PROCLAIM Phase 3 Studies with a Focus on Older Patients.Advances in therapy · 2025Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Diroximel Fumarate vs. Dimethyl Fumarate in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A US Claims Analysis of Relapse Outcomes.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Real-World Treatment Outcomes in Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White People with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Fumarates in the USA.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated in Routine Medical Practice: Final Analysis of the ESTEEM Study.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Treatment Patterns by Race and Ethnicity in Newly Diagnosed Persons with Multiple Sclerosis.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2023Article
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness After 5 Years of Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Black and Hispanic Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in ESTEEM.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Natalizumab in African American and Hispanic/Latino Patients with Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: STRIVE Data Analysis.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Health Disparities in Multiple Sclerosis among Hispanic and Black Populations in the United States.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Real-World Analysis Affirms the High Persistence and Adherence Observed with Diroximel Fumarate in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Understanding humoral immunity and multiple sclerosis severity in Black, and Latinx patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Do magnetic resonance imaging features differ between persons with multiple sclerosis of various races and ethnicities?Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Review
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2022Review
- Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Diroximel Fumarate in the Real-World Setting Have High Rates of Persistence and Adherence.Neurology and therapy · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Switching After Suboptimal Response to Glatiramer Acetate, Including Patients With Early Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analysis of RESPOND.Neurology and therapy · 2021Article
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Hispanic or Latino Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: 3-Year Results from ESTEEM.Neurology and therapy · 2020Article
- Comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate versus non-specific immunosuppressants: Real-world evidence from MSBase.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBlack or African American (black/AA) patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are reported to exhibit greater disease severity compared with non-black or non-AA patients. Whether differences exist in response to MS disease-modifying therapies remains uncertain, as MS clinical trials have included low numbers of non-white patients. We evaluated real-world safety and effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on MS disease activity in black/AA patients.
methodsESTEEM is an ongoing, 5-year, multinational, prospective study evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness of DMF in patients with MS. This interim analysis included patients newly prescribed DMF in routine practice at 394 sites globally.
resultsOverall, 4897 non-black/non-AA and 187 black/AA patients were analyzed; median (range) follow-up 18 (2-37) months. Unadjusted annualized relapse rates (ARRs) for 12 months before DMF initiation versus 36 months post DMF initiation, respectively, were: non-black/non-AA patients, 0.83 (95% CI 0.80-0.85) versus 0.10 (95% CI 0.09-0.10), 88% lower ARR (P < 0.0001); black/AA patients, 0.68 (95% CI 0.58-0.80) versus 0.07 (95% CI 0.05-0.10), 90% lower ARR (P < 0.0001). In total, 35 (19%) black/AA patients reported adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation; gastrointestinal disorders were most common (7%), consistent with non-black/non-AA patients (8%). Median lymphocyte counts decreased by 22% in the first year (vs 36% in non-black/non-AA patients), then remained stable and above lower limit of normal in most patients.
conclusionsRelapse rates remained low in black/AA patients, consistent with non-black/non-AA patients. The safety profile of DMF in black/AA patients was consistent with that in the non-black/non-AA ESTEEM population, although lymphocyte decrease was less pronounced in black/AA patients.
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