ReviewTranslational psychiatry2020
ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing.
Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Translational psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
117citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
16.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroimaging Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of a diagnosis-selective neurobiological substrate for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of 57,717 subjects.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between polygenic risk for Major Depression and brain structure in a mega-analysis of 50,975 participants across 11 studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The Dark and Gloomy Brain: Grey Matter Volume Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder-Fine-Grained Meta-Analyses.Depression and anxiety · 2024Pooled it
- Brain Structure in Acutely Underweight and Partially Weight-Restored Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A Coordinated Analysis by the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group.Biological psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Epigenome-wide association study of global cortical volumes in generation Scotland: Scottish family health study.Epigenetics · 2022Pooled it
- Cross disorder comparisons of brain structure in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review of ENIGMA findings.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Alterations in brain synaptic proteins and mRNAs in mood disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postmortem brain studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Structural and functional neuroimaging of late-life depression: a coordinate-based meta-analysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of molecular imaging of translocator protein in major depression.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Subcortical shape alterations in major depressive disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- Peripheral miRNA profiling identifies therapy-specific biological trajectories in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in depression: an exploratory mechanistic study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effects of antidepressant medications on brain tissue microstructure in persistent depressive disorder across two randomized controlled trials.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Trial
- Structural Brain Network Alterations in Relation to Treatment and Illness Severity in Bipolar Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Role of Kappa-Opioid Receptor/Dynorphin System in Modulating Neural-Circuits of Depression and Anxiety-A Review.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Early life experiences, the neural epigenome and affective disorder risk.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Depression: higher temporal variability of the functional connectivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal system.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Resilience beyond diagnosis: prospective neural correlates of better-than-expected outcomes in depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Examination of poverty trajectories and brain volume as predictors of adolescent depression.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- History of childhood trauma enhances the detrimental effects of recent stressors on brain structure and function in major depressive disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
78 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Lianne SchmaalOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia. lianne.schmaal@unimelb.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-048X
Elena PozziOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Tiffany C HoDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Laura S van VelzenOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Ilya M VeerDivision of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Nils OpelDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Eus J W Van SomerenDepartment of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Laura K M HanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-3723
Lybomir AftanasFSSBI Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Laboratory of Affective, Cognitive & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk, Russia.
André AlemanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bernhard T BauneDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Klaus BergerInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tessa F BlankenDepartment of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Liliana CapitãoDepartment of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-5156
Baptiste Couvy-DuchesneInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Kathryn R CullenDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Udo DannlowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Christopher DaveyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-3852
Tracy Erwin-GrabnerLaboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Jennifer EvansExperimental Therapeutics Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Thomas FrodlDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Cynthia H Y FuSchool of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK.
Beata GodlewskaDepartment of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
Ian H GotlibDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Roberto Goya-MaldonadoLaboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-4208
Nynke A GroenewoldDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Dominik GrotegerdDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Oliver GruberSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Boris A GutmanIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
Geoffrey B HallDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Ben J HarrisonMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sean N HattonBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-8726
Marco HermesdorfInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Eva HillandClinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Benson IrunguDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Rune JonassenFaculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Sinead KellyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Bonnie Klimes-DouganDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Axel KrugDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-2497
Nils Inge LandrøClinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Jim LagopoulosSunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia.
Jeanne LeerssenDepartment of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Meng LiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
David E J LindenDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5638-9292
Frank P MacMasterPsychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Andrew M McIntoshCentre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0198-4588
David M A MehlerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Igor NenadićDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Brenda W J H PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Maria J PortellaInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Liesbeth RenemanDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, location AMC, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Miguel E RenteríaDepartment of Genetics & Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-7248
Matthew D SacchetCenter for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
Philipp G SämannMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Anouk SchranteeDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, location AMC, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Kang SimWest Region/Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-9626
Jair C SoaresDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Dan J SteinSA MRC Research Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810
Leonardo TozziDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-6476
Nic J A van Der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Marie-José van TolDepartment of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-5490
Robert VermeirenCurium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Yolanda Vives-GilabertInstituto ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Henrik WalterDivision of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-6121
Martin WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany.
Heather C WhalleyCentre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-8869
Katharina WittfeldDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-5043
Sarah WhittleMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Margaret J WrightQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-4970
Tony T YangDepartment of Psychiatry & Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Carlos ZarateSection on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-8950
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of Münster · DEAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience · NLPhilipps University of Marburg · DEUniversity of Southern California · USAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DEJena University Hospital · DELeiden University Medical Center · NLStanford University · USThe University of Queensland · AUThe University of Sydney · AUThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · USUniversitätsmedizin Göttingen · DEUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Edinburgh · GBUniversity of Minnesota · US
Funding
ZOOMED FUNCT IMAGING IN HUMAN BRAIN AT 7T W/ SIMULT HIGH SPATIAL &TEMPORAL RESP41RR008079 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI GARWOOD, MICHAEL · 1993 to 2011
$16.3MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MPsychobiological Mechanisms Underlying the Association Between Early Life Stress and Depression Across AdolescenceR37MH101495 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI IAN H GOTLIB · 2018 to 2026
$6.6MA Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Functional MRI Study of Adolescent DepressionR01MH085734 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI YANG, TONY TUNG-I · 2010 to 2014
$2.7MENIGMA-SD: Understanding Sex Differences in Global Mental Health through ENIGMAR01MH116147 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2018 to 2021
$2.5MA global alliance to unlock brain mechanisms influencing suicidal behaviors through the ENIGMA ConsortiumR01MH117601 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JAHANSHAD, NEDA, SCHMAAL, LIANNE · 2018 to 2021
$1.5MThe Roles of Inflammatory and Glutamatergic Processes in the Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms Underlying Adolescent DepressionK01MH117442 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HO, TIFFANY CHEING · 2018 to 2022
$881kNeural mechanisms of meditation training in healthy and depressed adolescents: An MRI connectome studyR61AT009864 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI TYMOFIYEVA, OLGA, YANG, TONY TUNG-I · 2019 to 2020
$822kFronto-limbic Connectivity in Adolescents with MDDK23MH090421 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CULLEN, KATHRYN REGAN · 2010 to 2014
$811kMedical Research Council G0802594Medical Research Council G1100629Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1NCCIH NIH HHS R61 AT009864NCRR NIH HHS P41 RR008079NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH117442NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH090421NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085734NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH101495Wellcome Trust
Abstract
A key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over the past few decades has been to identify the brain correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators of brain processes associated with MDD could facilitate the detection of individuals at risk, and the development of novel treatments, the monitoring of treatment effects, and predicting who might benefit most from treatments that target specific brain mechanisms. However, despite intensive neuroimaging research towards this effort, underpowered studies and a lack of reproducible findings have hindered progress. Here, we discuss the work of the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Consortium, which was established to address issues of poor replication, unreliable results, and overestimation of effect sizes in previous studies. The ENIGMA MDD Consortium currently includes data from 45 MDD study cohorts from 14 countries across six continents. The primary aim of ENIGMA MDD is to identify structural and functional brain alterations associated with MDD that can be reliably detected and replicated across cohorts worldwide. A secondary goal is to investigate how demographic, genetic, clinical, psychological, and environmental factors affect these associations. In this review, we summarize findings of the ENIGMA MDD disease working group to date and discuss future directions. We also highlight the challenges and benefits of large-scale data sharing for mental health research.
Indexed as
Major Depressive DisorderBrainDepressionHumansInformation DisseminationNeuroimaging
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