Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32471975›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

Development and selection of low-level multi-drug resistance over an extended range of sub-inhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations in Escherichia coli.

Carly Ching, Muhammad H Zaman

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Harnessing the Antimicrobial Potential of Baicalein-Coated FeACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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  12. Laboratory evolution ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025
    Article
  13. Insights into antibiotic resistance promoted by quinolone exposure.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Characterization of antibiotic resistance development ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Laboratory evolution ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Carly ChingBoston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA.
Muhammad H ZamanBoston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. zaman@bu.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To better combat bacterial antibiotic resistance, a growing global health threat, it is imperative to understand its drivers and underlying biological mechanisms. One potential driver of antibiotic resistance is exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. This occurs in both the environment and clinic, from agricultural contamination to incorrect dosing and usage of poor-quality medicines. To better understand this driver, we tested the effect of a broad range of ciprofloxacin concentrations on antibiotic resistance development in Escherichia coli. We observed the emergence of stable, low-level multi-drug resistance that was both time and concentration dependent. Furthermore, we identified a spectrum of single mutations in strains with resistant phenotypes, both previously described and novel. Low-level class-wide resistance, which often goes undetected in the clinic, may allow for bacterial survival and establishment of a reservoir for outbreaks of high-level antibiotic resistant infections.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialBase SequenceCiprofloxacinDNA, BacterialDose-Response Relationship, DrugEscherichia coliMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSelection, GeneticTime FactorsWhole Genome SequencingCiprofloxacinDNA, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID32471975
PMCPMC7260183

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.