ArticleBrain sciences2020
Kappa Free Light Chains and IgG Combined in a Novel Algorithm for the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Brain sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Association of CSF Kappa-Free Light Chains With Cortical and Periventricular Brain Damage in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2025Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins: A Review about the Contribution of OCBs and K-index.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inter-assay diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Free Light ChainsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Novel Approach to Staging and Detection of Colorectal Cancer in Early Stages.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A consensus statement.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Establishing the best combination of the kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains as biomarker in multiple sclerosis-from diagnosis to prediction of disease activity.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2022Review
- Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Intrathecal B cell-related markers for an optimized biological investigation of multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Inter-Laboratory Concordance of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Kappa Free Light Chain Measurements.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Review
- Selected Biomarkers of Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Before and after Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Advances in Multiple Sclerosis Research-Series I.Brain sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well known that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of free light chains (FLC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are elevated in multiple sclerosis patients (MS). Therefore, in this study we aimed to develop a model based on the concentrations of free light chains and IgG to predict multiple sclerosis. We tried to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the novel κIgG index and λIgG index, here presented for the first time, and compare them with the κFLC index and the λFLC index in multiple sclerosis patients.
methodsCSF and serum samples were obtained from 76 subjects who underwent lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes and, as a result, were divided into two groups: patients with multiple sclerosis (
resultsThe concentrations of CSF κFLC, CSF λFLC, and serum κFLC and the values of κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis compared to controls. CSF κFLC concentration and the values of κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index differed in patients depending on their pattern type of oligoclonal bands. κFLC concentration was significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 and type 3 in comparison to those with pattern type 1 and type 4. The κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 in comparison to those with pattern type 4. The κFLC index and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 in comparison to those with pattern type 1, and in patients with pattern type 3 compared to those with pattern type 4. The κIgG index was markedly elevated in patients with pattern type 3 compared to those with pattern type 1. In the total study group, κFLC, λFLC, κFLC index, λFLC index, κIgG index, and λIgG index correlated with each other. The κIgG index showed the highest diagnostic power (area under the curve, AUC) in the detection of multiple sclerosis. The κFLC index and κIgG index showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity, and the κIgG index presented the highest ability to exclude multiple sclerosis.
conclusionThis study provides novel information about the diagnostic significance of four markers combined in the κIgG index. More investigations in larger study groups are needed to confirm that the κIgG index can reflect the intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins and may improve the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
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