ArticlePloS one2020
Catastrophic health expenditure: A comparative analysis of smoking and non-smoking households in China.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of a real-world smoking cessation clinic: A prospective cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- The discrepancy between objective and subjective assessments of catastrophic health expenditure: evidence from China.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- An observational study on the association between smoking and relative poverty in China: Evidence from two waves of China Family Panel Studies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Equity implications of tobacco taxation: results from WHO FCTC investment cases.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures Associated with Chronic Health Conditions and Disability in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure of households with hypertension: a comparative study in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The relative impact of underweight, overweight, smoking, and physical inactivity on health and associated costs in Indonesia: propensity score matching of a national sample.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure among Chinese adults living alone with cognitive impairment: findings from the CHARLS.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Financial risk protection from out-of-pocket health spending in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the literature.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Multimorbidity and catastrophic health expenditure among patients with diabetes in China: a nationwide population-based study.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Characteristics of the Intestinal Microorganisms in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients: Effects of Smoking.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Substantial Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure on Prenatal Check-Ups: Estimates from a Sample of Pregnant Women in Cartagena, Colombia.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2022Article
- Article
- Mapping the rehabilitation journey of patients with traumatic brain injury in China: a qualitative study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSmoking is hazardous to health and places a heavy economic burden on individuals and their families. Clearly, smoking in China is prevalent since China is the largest consumer of tobacco in the world. Chinese smoking and nonsmoking households were compared in terms of the incidence and intensity of Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHEs). The factors associated with catastrophic health expenditures were analyzed.
methodsData for this study were collected from two waves of panel data in 2011 and 2013 from the national China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 8073 households with at least one member aged above 45 were identified each year. Catastrophic health expenditure was measured by the ratio of a household's out-of-pocket healthcare payments (OOP) to the household's Capacity to Pay (CTP). A panel logit random-effects model was used to examine correlates with catastrophic health expenditure.
resultsThe incidence of catastrophic health expenditures for Chinese households with members aged 45 and above in 2011 and 2013 were 12.99% and 15.56%, respectively. The mean gaps (MGs) were 3.16% and 4.88%, respectively, and the mean positive gaps (MPGs) were 24.36% and 31.40%, respectively. The incidences of catastrophic health expenditures were 17.41% and 20.03% in former smoking households, 12.10% and 15.09% in current smoking households, and 12.72% and 13.64% in nonsmoking households. In the panel logit regression model analysis, former smoking households (OR = 1.444, P<0.001) were more prone to catastrophic health expenditures than nonsmoking households. Risk factors for catastrophic health expenditures included members with chronic diseases (OR = 4.359, P<0.001), hospitalized patients (OR = 8.60, P<0.001), elderly people aged above 65 (OR = 1.577, P<0.001), or persons with disabilities (OR = 1.275, P<0.001). Protective factors for catastrophic health expenditures included being in an urban household, having a larger family size, and having a higher household income.
conclusionsThe incidence of catastrophic health expenditures in Chinese households is relatively high. Smoking is one of the primary risk factors for catastrophic health expenditures. Stronger interventions against smoking should be made in time to reduce the occurrence of health issues caused by smoking and the financial losses for individuals, families and society.
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