ArticlePloS one2020
Diversity in Chlamydial plasmids.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic evolution and adaptation of arthropod-associated Rickettsia.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A platform supporting generation and isolation of random transposon mutants inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Review
- Chlamydiosis in Animals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Zoonotic and other veterinary chlamydiae - an update, the role of the plasmid and plasmid-mediated transformation.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- The serodiagnositic value ofFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genomic analysis of 61 Chlamydia psittaci strains reveals extensive divergence associated with host preference.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Genome organization and genomics inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- A Minimal Replicon Enables Efficacious, Species-Specific Gene Deletion in Chlamydia and Extension of Gene Knockout Studies to the Animal Model of Infection Using Chlamydia muridarum.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Comparative analysis of two genomes of Chlamydia pecorum isolates from an Alpine chamois and a water buffalo.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Ecology and evolution of chlamydial symbionts of arthropods.ISME communications · 2022Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genome Analyses ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Coevolving Plasmids Drive Gene Flow and Genome Plasticity in Host-Associated Intracellular Bacteria.Current biology : CB · 2021Article
- Chlamydiae - What's New?Journal of veterinary research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvolutionary studies have been conducted that have investigated the chromosomal variance in the genus of Chlamydia. However, no all-encompassing genus-wide comparison has been performed on the plasmid. Therefore, there is a gap in the current knowledge on Chlamydia plasmid diversity.
aimsThis project is aimed to investigate and establish the nature and extent of diversity across the entire genus of Chlamydia, by comparing the sequences of all currently available plasmid carrying strains.
methodsThe PUBMED database was used to identify plasmid sequences from all available strains that met the set quality criteria for their inclusion in the study. Alignments were performed on the 51 strains that fulfilled the criteria using MEGA X software. Following that Maximum Likelihood estimation was used to construct 11 phylogenetic trees of the whole plasmid sequence, the individual 8 coding sequences, the iteron and a chromosomal gene ompA as a comparator.
resultsThe genus-wide plasmid phylogeny produced three distinct lineages labelled as alpha, beta and gamma. Nineteen genotypes were found in the initial whole plasmid analysis. Their distribution was allocated as six C. pecorum, two C. pneumoniae, one C. gallinacea, one C. avium, one C. caviae, one C. felis, two C. psittaci, one C. trachomatis, one C. muridarum, and two C. suis. The chromosomal comparative gene ompA supported this distribution, with the same number of primary clades with the same species distribution. However, ompA sequence comparison resulted in fewer genotypes due to a reduced amount of available sequences (33 out of 51). All results were statistically significant.
conclusionThe results of this study indicate that the common bacterial ancestor of all the species had a plasmid, which has diverged over time. Moreover, it suggests that there is a strong evolutionary selection towards these species retaining their plasmids due to its high level of conservation across the genus, with the notable exception of C. pneumoniae. Furthermore, the evolutionary analysis showed that the plasmid and the chromosome have co-evolved.
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