ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology2020
Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Aerosol-induced Cell Death and Dysfunction in Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells.
Article in American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking on the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- E-cigarettes and nicotine abstinence: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Vaping induces a marked pro-inflammatory state within the lung, which is at least partially due to its immunomodulatory effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes elevates salivary DKK1 levels similar to exclusive smoking.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of Lung Phagocytes and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells in Lung Injury and Repair.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Efferocytosis in Homeostasis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Dual Exposure to E-Cigarette Vapour and Cigarette Smoke Results in Poorer Airway Cell, Monocyte, and Macrophage Function Than Single Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Increased oxidative stress responses in murine macrophages exposed at the air-liquid interface to third- and fourth-generation electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) aerosols.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Pro-inflammatory effects of aerosols from e-cigarette-derived flavoring chemicals on murine macrophages.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Aerosolized nicotine from e-cigarettes alters gene expression, increases lung protein permeability, and impairs viral clearance in murine influenza infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Electronic Cigarettes: A Pro-Con Review of the Current Literature.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Modalities for Asthma, COPD, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19: Insights from the Special Issue.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Impact of e-cigarette aerosol on primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Aerosolized vitamin E acetate causes oxidative injury in mice and in alveolar macrophages.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Predicting the pulmonary effects of long-term e-cigarette use: are the clouds clearing?European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Vaping and Lung Inflammation and Injury.Annual review of physiology · 2022Review
- Is COVID-19 masking the ongoing youth vaping crisis?Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2021Article
- Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2020.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Is Cytotoxic and Increases ACE2 Expression on Human Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Vaping and Respiratory Viruses: The End for ENDS?American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is outpacing our understanding of its potential harmful effects. Homeostasis of the lung is maintained through proper balance of cell death, efferocytic clearance, and phagocytosis of pathogens. To investigate whether ENDS use has the potential to alter this balance, we developed physiologically relevant ENDS exposure paradigms for lung epithelial cells and primary macrophages. In our studies, cells were exposed directly to aerosol made from carefully controlled components with and without nicotine. We found that ENDS aerosol exposure led to apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and necrosis in lung epithelial cell models. In contrast, macrophages died mostly by apoptosis and inflammatory caspase-mediated cell death when exposed to ENDS aerosol. The clearance of dead cells and pathogens by efferocytosis and phagocytosis, respectively, is an important process in maintaining a healthy lung. To investigate the impact of ENDS aerosol on macrophage function independent of general toxicity, we used an exposure time that did not induce cell death in primary macrophages. Exposure to ENDS aerosol containing nicotine inhibited nearly all phagocytic and greatly reduced the efferocytic abilities of primary macrophages. When challenged with a bacterial pathogen, there was decreased bacterial clearance. The presence of nicotine in the ENDS aerosol increased its toxicity and functional impact; however, nicotine exposure alone did not have any deleterious effects. These data demonstrate that ENDS aerosol exposure could lead to increased epithelial cell and macrophage death in the lung and impair important macrophage functions that are essential for maintenance of lung function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.