Trial reportJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2021
Changes in self-reported and observed parenting following a randomized control trial of parent-child interaction therapy for the treatment of preschool depression.
Trial report in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review Focusing on Psychotherapeutic Interventions that Impact Parental Psychopathology, Child Psychopathology and Parenting Behavior.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Preadolescent Benefits of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development for Preschool Depression: 4-Year Follow-Up.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Early Emotion Development Intervention Improves Mental Health Outcomes in Low-Income, High-Risk Community Children.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Trial
- Parent-child psychotherapy targeting emotion development: unpacking the impact of parental depression on child, parenting and engagement outcomes.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Trial
- A Dynamic Systems Analysis of Dyadic Flexibility and Shared Affect in Preschoolers with and Without Major Depressive Disorder.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Trial
- Children's Maternal Representations Moderate the Efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development (PCIT-ED) Treatment For Preschool Depression.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Trial
- Evidence for decreased maladaptive guilt following PCIT-ED for depression as measured by story stem narratives: a promising method for preschool self-disclosure of emotions and experiences of parenting.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Preschool Mood Disorders: A Review of the Literature from 2017 to 2024.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Caregiver-child affective dynamics during preschool predict preadolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors.Personality and individual differences · 2025Article
- Preschool depression: clinical course, risk pathways, and early intervention strategies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Novel mechanism-based treatments for pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Preliminary perceived intervention changes and engagement in an evidence-based program targeted at behavioral inhibition during early childhood, delivered in-person and online.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Scientific collaborations and research trends in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI): An Adaptation to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Families with a History of Trauma.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParenting in early childhood exerts substantial influence over children's emotional health and development. Using data from a randomized controlled trial of a novel treatment for early childhood depression, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development (PCIT-ED), we explored two broad dimensions of parenting (behavior and affect) to determine whether any changes could be detected following treatment when compared to those in a waitlist control condition.
method229 caregiver-child dyads, 114 randomly assigned to PCIT-ED for preschool-onset depression, and 115 assigned to a waitlist completed two structured interaction tasks at baseline and post-treatment. Interactions were later coded by observer's blind to diagnostic and treatment status.
resultsGreater reductions were found in self-reported negative parenting behaviors and observed negative affect and greater increases in self-reported positive parenting behaviors and observed positive affect among the caregivers in the treatment group. Increases in the overall positivity of the observed interactional style of caregivers, but no observed parenting behavior change was found following treatment. Discrepancies between self-reported and observed parenting were greater among caregivers on the waitlist.
conclusionsFollowing PCIT-ED treatment, caregivers self-reported improvements in parenting practices and declines in punitive practices along with observed increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect when interacting with their child. Moreover, coherence between self-reported and observed parenting was higher in the treatment group. These findings highlight the efficacy of PCIT-ED in improving parenting behaviors and the need to use multiple methods to assess parenting in treatment studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.