ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2020
Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): Is It a Viable Source of Biomarkers for Lung Diseases?
Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breath biopsy biomarkers: cell-free nucleic acids in exhaled breath condensate.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Circulating Interleukins as Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study Compared to Normal Individuals.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Understanding the Functional Role of the Microbiome and Metabolome in Asthma.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Exhaled phospholipid transfer protein and hepatocyte growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinoma.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The exhaled breath condensate is a source of biomarkers with many advantages and benefits compared to other traditional sampling techniques in respiratory medicine. It is a biological product that is formed by cooling the exhaled air via its guidance through a condenser. It is characterized as a cocktail of volatile and non-volatile compounds with water being the predominant constituent. Its composition presents a non-uniformed structure as the volatile and the non-volatile compounds vary in type and ratio. All these compounds originate from the whole respiratory tract. Some of them fulfil the criteria to be characterized as biomarkers since there is a similarity between the content of the exhaled breath condensate and the respiratory tract lining fluid. In addition, the potential biomarkers of the exhaled breath condensate and those from other biological fluids are equivalent.Advantages and Disadvantages Its place in the respiratory medicine as a matrix of biomarkers relies on its various strengths. Some of them are very important and make it exceptional regarding its application, such as its totally non-invasive character and its usage in all ages, while others present a more potential action regarding its purpose such as the categorization of respiratory diseases. However, there are limitations in its application due to the lack of standardization of its conduct which can be minimized by following the official recommendations. Additional studies are needed to develop said standardization.Aim The aim of this paper is to present a brief and comprehensive picture of the sampling technique of the exhaled breath condensate, as well as the criteria to make it a preferred choice as a source of biomarkers.
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