Observational studyInternational journal of oncology2020
The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation.
Observational study in International journal of oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbial metabolites in cancer immunomodulation.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Immune Protective Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Coelomocytes of Sea CucumberPolymers · 2025Article
- miR-423-5p mediates LINC00886 regulation of ovarian cancer aggressiveness and immune evasion via the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB/PD-L1 pathway.Hereditas · 2025Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome-based therapies by natural products: a new development in the context of cancer therapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Inverse Regulation of TLR4 and PD-L1 Shapes the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Article
- Potential role of lactylation in intrinsic immune pathways in lung cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Targeting the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- The Tumor Microenvironment Mediates the HIF-1α/PD-L1 Pathway to Promote Immune Escape in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induces PD-L1 Expression and an Invasive Phenotype of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.Cancers · 2024Article
- Cosmosiin Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Inducing ROS.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Chitooligosaccharide from Pacific White Shrimp Shell Chitosan Ameliorates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via NF-κB, Erk1/2, Akt and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Role of regulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Exosome-transmitted S100A4 induces immunosuppression and non-small cell lung cancer development by activating STAT3.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Bacterial Species Associated with Highly Allergenic Plant Pollen Yield a High Level of Endotoxins and Induce Chemokine and Cytokine Release from Human A549 Cells.Inflammation · 2022Article
- Inhibition of NLRP3 by Fermented Quercetin Decreases Resistin-Induced Chemoresistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Epigenetic Alterations and Inflammation as Emerging Use for the Advancement of Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Antifungal immunity mediated by C-type lectin receptors may be a novel target in immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Defects in Macrophage Reprogramming in Cancer Therapy: The Negative Impact of PD-L1/PD-1.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection and inflammation serve an important role in tumor development. Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pivotal component of the innate and adaptive immune response during infection and inflammation. Programmed‑death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) is hypothesized as an important factor for non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immune escape. In the present study, the relationship between TLR4 and PD‑L1, in addition to the associated molecular mechanism, were investigated. TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression in lung cancer tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry, whilst overall patient survival was measured using the Kaplan‑Meier method. The A549 cell line stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied as the in vitro inflammatory NSCLC model. Associated factors were investigated using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Lung cancer tissues exhibited increased PD‑L1 and TLR4 levels compared with those of adjacent para‑cancerous tissues, where there was a positive correlation between TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression. In addition, increased expression of these two proteins was found to be linked with poorer prognoses. Following the stimulation of A549 cells with LPS, TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression levels were revealed to be upregulated in a dose‑dependent manner, where the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were found to be activated. Interestingly, in the presence of inhibitors of these two pathways aforementioned, upregulation of PD‑L1 expression was only inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, which can inhibit ERK activity. These data suggested that the ERK signaling pathway is necessary for the TLR4/PD‑L1 axis. In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression can serve as important prognostic factors for NSCLC, where TLR4 activation may induce PD‑L1 expression through the ERK signaling pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.