ArticleMolecular medicine reports2020
Saikosaponin D inhibits autophagosome‑lysosome fusion and induces autophagy‑independent apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of bupleurum-containing formulas combined with chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Modified xiaoyao san combined with chemotherapy for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutic Potential of Saikosaponins in MASLD and Cross-Organ Protection: A Research Update.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- A Focus on Natural Autophagy Modulators as Potential Host-Directed Weapons Against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast Cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Saikosaponin D suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Role, mechanisms and effects ofOncology letters · 2025Review
- Research progress on the signaling pathway mechanism of terpenoids against breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Natural Products as Novel Therapeutic Agents for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Evidence, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Research progress on the molecular mechanisms of Saikosaponin D in various diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Potential Anti-tumor Effects and Apoptosis-inducing Mechanisms of Saponins: A Review.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanism of Saikosaponin-d in the treatment of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and in vitro experimental verification.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Advances in the anti-tumor mechanisms of saikosaponin D.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Unveiling the pharmacological potential of plant triterpenoids in breast cancer management: an updated review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Saikosaponin D Inhibits Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing Autophagy and Apoptosis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Saikosaponins Targeting Programmed Cell Death as Anticancer Agents: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on breast cancer through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Saikosaponin D reverses epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced gemcitabine resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by downregulating ADRB2/glycolysis signaling.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Article
- Assessment of Genetic Diversity inGenes · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effect of Saikosaponin D (SSD) and its underlying mechanism on apoptosis and autophagy in human breast cancer MDA‑MB‑231 cells. MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and confocal fluorescence microscopy detection were employed. SSD, a kind of triterpenoid saponins extracted from Radix bupleuri, has been demonstrated to have the effects of anti‑inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer effects and can regulate autophagy. The present study revealed that SSD induced apoptosis through the activation of the p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in human breast cancer MDA‑MB‑231 cells. The administration of SSD promoted the phosphorylation/activation of p38 MAPK in MDA‑MB‑231 cells, whereas pretreatment with SB203580, an effective p38 MAPK inhibitor, attenuated SSD‑mediated apoptosis, the cleavage of PARP and the activation of caspase‑3. In addition, SSD blocked autophagic degradation by inhibiting autolysosome formation, resulting in the accumulation of autophagosomes. Mechanistically, the results of the present study revealed that SSD inhibited the formation of autophagosomes by inhibiting autophagosome‑lysosome fusion, rather than by damaging lysosome function. Furthermore, blocking autophagy degradation was not associated with SSD‑mediated apoptosis. The genetic knockdown of autophagy‑related protein 5 markedly reduced SSD‑mediated LC3B‑II accumulation; however, it did not affect the SSD‑mediated phosphorylation/activation of p38, cleavage of PARP, activation of caspase‑3 or apoptosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that SSD may induce apoptosis and block autophagic degradation, which provides further evidence of the association between the inhibition of autophagic degradation and cell death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.