ReviewCell research2020
Immune checkpoint signaling and cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Cell research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 856 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
856 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,331 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies and mechanisms for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Pooled it
- COMMIT: A Randomized Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Alone as First-Line Treatment of Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- Phase 1/2 study of INCAGN01876, an anti-glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor agonist monoclonal antibody, plus immunotherapy for advanced cancers.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- A conserved eIF1ACell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiota translocation and dissemination in health: can it be beneficial and purposeful?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint knockout screen reveals TIGIT-CD155 interaction as a significant modulator of adapter CAR-T cell function in acute myeloid leukemia.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Research progress on the molecular mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 synergy in regulating T cell exhaustion and immunotherapy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor cell-intrinsic stress states drive sensitivity to CAR T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Unfolded Protein Response as a Modulator of Cancer-Immune Cell Communication in the Tumour Microenvironment.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Nitro Reduction-Based RNA Control and Ultrafast Release.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Bridging BET bromodomain and immune checkpoint inhibitors through generative bioorganic frameworks for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Opportunities in cancer gene therapy: inhibiting MDM2 and restoring p14ARF as a means to activate p53.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Review
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TAMing the tumor: targeting immune inhibitory receptors on tumor-associated macrophages in pediatric brain tumors - an emerging immunotherapy strategy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Recent advances in molecular mechanisms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for viral diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Food-Derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum GR-3 Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- mTORC1 activation induces B7-H3-dependent metabolic reprogramming in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Oncogene · 2026Article
- A phase 1 dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study of acasunlimab alone or in combination with pembrolizumab in Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
796 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become a major weapon in fighting cancer. Antibody drugs, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, demonstrate obvious advantages such as broad applicability across cancer types and durable clinical response when treatment is effective. However, the overall response rates are still unsatisfying, especially for cancers with low mutational burden. Moreover, adverse effects, such as autoimmune symptoms and tumor hyperprogression, present a significant downside in some clinical applications. These challenges reflect the urgent need to fully understand the basic biology of immune checkpoints. In this review, we discuss regulation of immune checkpoint signaling at multiple levels to provide an overview of our current understanding of checkpoint biology. Topics include the regulation of surface expression levels for known immune checkpoint proteins via surface delivery, internalization, recycling, and degradation. Upon reaching the surface, checkpoints engage in both conventional trans and also cis interactions with ligands to induce signaling and regulate immune responses. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in addition to classical checkpoint blockade have recently emerged and been tested in preclinical models, providing new avenues for developing next-generation immunotherapies.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.