ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2020
Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04724720 (A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Famotidine vs Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Symptomatic Adults With COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 367 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Famotidine vs Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Symptomatic Adults With COVID-19
Who cites it
367 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 623 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management toward COVID-19 patients with Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.Primary care diabetes · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- InflawellInflammopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Atorvastatin versus placebo in patients with covid-19 in intensive care: randomized controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Reduced cytokine levels among people living with HIV (PLWH) in ghana co-infected with human coronaviruses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Association of Toll-like Receptor 8 Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Case Status in a Korean Population.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Decreased Plasma Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Novel Determinant of Mortality?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Roadmap of COVID-19: From Viral Entry to Therapeutic Targets.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Review
- Integrated surveillance in Kilifi reveals continued SARS-CoV-2 circulation and immune escape of emerging JN.1 sublineages post-pandemic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Spike protein-induced VSIR-ISX signaling disrupts metabolic homeostasis and promotes COVID-19-related immune dysfunction.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Exploring the molecular mechanism of apigenin in treating bronchiectasis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Novel Multifunctional Cannabidiol-Based Analogues with In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effect.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome reduces lung injury and thrombo-inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Breakthrough Infection and Death after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Physics Perspective.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2025Article
- Prognostic Impact of COVID-19 Inflammation Score Response: A Sub-Group Analysis on Critically Ill Patients of the RuxCoFlam Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hematological Markers in Thromboembolic Events: A Comparative Study of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses.Viruses · 2025Review
307 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19 and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast and global spread of the virus, urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive and therapeutic drugs. In this regard, treatments addressing the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become a major focus. Notably, while a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection, excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level. Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients. In particular, the massive cytokine and chemokine release, the so-called "cytokine storm", clearly reflects a widespread uncontrolled dysregulation of the host immune defense. Although the prospective of counteracting cytokine storm is compelling, a major limitation relies on the limited understanding of the immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identification of signaling pathways altered during viral infections may help to unravel the most relevant molecular cascades implicated in biological processes mediating viral infections and to unveil key molecular players that may be targeted. Thus, given the key role of the immune system in COVID-19, a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the immune dysregulation might give us clues for the clinical management of the severe cases and for preventing the transition from mild to severe stages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.