ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2020
Horse Behavior, Physiology and Emotions during Habituation to a Treadmill.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Equine Blood and Salivary Cortisol Levels While Exercising on a Water Treadmill with an Artificial River System.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Emotional contagion in human-horse interactions: A pilot study investigating the role of stress and body language in emotional transfer.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Utility of Infrared Thermography for Monitoring of Surface Temperature Changes During Horses' Work on Water Treadmill with an Artificial River System.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Influences of Double Versus Snaffle Bridles on Equine Behaviour at Dressage Competitions and Factors That Interact with Their Effect.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Exploring the induction and measurement of positive affective state in equines through a personality-centred lens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Autonomic regulation in athletic horses repetitively participating in two novice jumping classes on consecutive days.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Basal Reactivity Evaluated by Infrared Thermography in the "Caballo de Deporte Español" Horse Breed According to Its Coat Color.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Relationship between anatomical characteristics and personality traits in Lipizzan horses.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A Formalized Method to Acclimate Dogs to Voluntary Treadmill Locomotion at Various Speeds and Inclines.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- The dog as an exercise science animal model: a review of physiological and hematological effects of exercise conditions.Physical activity and nutrition · 2020Article
- Successive approximation of horses to their first work on a treadmill: The effect of previous loading into a trailer.Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan GakkaihoArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A treadmill is an important tool in the equine analysis of gait, lameness, and hoof balance, as well as for the evaluation of horse rehabilitation or poor performance including dynamic endoscopy. Before all of these uses, horses have to be habituated to a treadmill locomotion. We used principal component analysis to evaluate the relationship between aspects of the horse's temperament and emotional response, and progress in the behavioral habituation to a treadmill. Fourteen horses were tested, by the same familiar handler, using the novel object test, the handling test, and both positive and negative emotional response tests. Then, four stages of gradual habituation of the first work on a treadmill were conducted. Each time, the horse's behavior was filmed. Data obtained from ethograms and heart rate measurements were tested. Four principal components were identified in examined horses: "Flightiness," "Freeziness," "Curiosity," and "Timidity." Flightiness was connected with nervousness, agitation by new objects, and easy excitability, and gradually decreased of features during habituation. Timidity was associated with a lack of courage and stress in new situations, and those features strongly increased when the treadmill was introduced. Freeziness and Curiosity features showed strong stability throughout the whole habituation. The results of this study provide evidence for a connection between temperament, emotional response, and habituation process in a horse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.