ArticleMarine drugs2020
Puffer Fish Gut Microbiota Studies Revealed Unique Bacterial Co-Occurrence Patterns and New Insights on Tetrodotoxin Producers.
Article in Marine drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review on Climate Change Redefining Tetrodotoxin Accumulation and Ecological Dynamics in Pufferfishes.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Nutritional detoxification strategies in aquaculture: bioactive feed additives mitigating oxidative stress and xenobiotic toxicity in fish.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Tetrodotoxin (TTX) reshapes the functional potential of the gut microbiome in juvenile tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) across salinity gradients.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Gut Epithelium of the Highly Toxic Ribbon WormToxins · 2026Article
- Spatial organization of cutaneous microbiomes reveals putative microbial contributions to host chemical defenses in the American toad.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Chemistry and Biology of the Tetrodotoxin Natural Product Family.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Review
- Review
- Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota Between Tetrodotoxin-Containing and Tetrodotoxin-FreeMarine drugs · 2025Article
- The impact of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the gut microbiome in juvenile tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lighting the way: how theJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota analysis of Blenniidae fishes including an algae-eating fish and clear boundary formation among isolated Vibrio strains.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A review of chemical defense in harlequin toads (Bufonidae:Toxicon: X · 2022Review
- Response of gut microbiota to feed-borne bacteria depends on fish growth rate: a snapshot survey of farmed juvenile Takifugu obscurus.Microbial biotechnology · 2022Article
- A Microencapsulation Method for Delivering Tetrodotoxin to Bivalves to Investigate Uptake and Accumulation.Marine drugs · 2021Article
- Hydrolytic Exoenzymes Produced by Bacteria Isolated and Identified From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Bombay Duck.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin isolated mainly from toxic puffer fish. To date, the TTX biosynthetic mechanism inside its hosts remains unresolved. Here, we hypothesize the TTX synthesis relies on the host gut microbiota, including the neglected non-culturable bacteria. In these studies, we collected the gut contents from 5 puffer fish species of the genus Takifugu including one suspected hybrid species for gut microbiota study by 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomics approach. Their gut samples were divided into toxic and non-toxic groups based on the TTX concentrations in the livers detected by LC-MS/MS. Bacterial diversity studies showed that gut microbiota structures were significantly different between toxic and non-toxic species. Vibrio and Cyanobacteria centered at the gut bacterial co-occurrence network, suggesting their importance in TTX biosynthesis. The results of PICRUSt2 metagenomic prediction and gene set enrichment analysis provided new support of arginine-precursor required in TTX biosynthesis. This is the first study to profile the gut microbiota in toxic and non-toxic puffer fish species by 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic approach, defining significant microbial co-occurrence patterns in their gut environment. Our data supported the proposed biosynthesis of TTX inside the hosts by their gut bacterial symbionts using arginine as a precursor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.