ArticleBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud2020
In vitro effectivity of three approved drugs and their synergistic interaction against Leishmania infantum.
Article in Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Limonene and carvacrol combined with drugs that inhibit ergosterol synthesis are potent against Leishmania major.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Orphan Medications: An Innovative and Promising Approach against Leishmaniasis.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Investigation of In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-leishmanial Activity of Auranofin on Leishmania Infantum.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Determination of key hub genes in Leishmaniasis as potential factors in diagnosis and treatment based on a bioinformatics study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: trace element with promising anti-toxoplasma effect.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Nanoformulation-Based 1,2,3-Triazole Sulfonamides for Anti-Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Structure ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Revealing the toxicity of lopinavir- and ritonavir-containing water and wastewater treated by photo-induced processes to Danio rerio and Allivibrio fischeri.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Effect of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors on experimental infection with a cystogenic Me49 strain ofPathogens and global health · 2022Article
- Joining forces: Leveraging novel combination therapies to combat infections with eukaryotic pathogens.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLeishmaniasis remains one of the neglected tropical diseases. Repurposing existing drugs has proven to be successful for treating neglected tropical diseases while combination therapy is a strategic alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases. Auranofin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and sorafenib are FDA approved drugs used in the treatment of diverse diseases by acting on different essential biological enzymes.
objectiveTo evaluate the effects of monotherapy and combined therapies with the three drugs against Leishmania infantum. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe compared the leishmanicidal effects of the three drugs on promastigotes in vitro as regards the parasite count, the drug concentration providing a half-maximal response, and the ultrastructural changes of the parasite. We determined the fractional inhibitory concentration index of combined drugs in two ways, as well as the activity of the three drugs together to establish their synergetic effect.
resultsThe monotherapy with the three drugs was effective with auranofin showing the best leishmanicidal effect (EC50=1.5 μM), whereas sorafinib reduced parasite growth at EC50=2.5 μM. The scanning electron microscopy of promastigotes from all treated media showed distortion in the shape with loss of flagella and bleb formation. Acidocalcinosis was evident by transmission electron microscopy with all treatments suggesting apoptosis. Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir showed signs of autophagy. The two-way combination of the drugs led to additive interactions while the combination of the three drugs showed synergistic action.
conclusionEach drug when used as monotherapy against Leishmania spp. was effective, but the combination therapy was more effective than the individual drugs due to the additive or synergistic effects.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.