Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32462616›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2020

Education background and monthly household income are factors affecting the knowledge, awareness and practice on haze pollution among Malaysians.

Bin-Seng Low, Kumaran Ganesh Selvaraja, Tze-Han Ong, King-Kok Ong, Shajan Koshy

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Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bin-Seng LowSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. BinSeng.Low@taylors.edu.my.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-7109
Kumaran Ganesh SelvarajaSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tze-Han OngSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
King-Kok OngSchool of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
Shajan KoshySchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transboundary haze pollution caused by periodic forest fires has initiated a serious negative implication to the economy, tourism sectors and public health in Southeast Asia. Due to the raising concerns of health effects of haze towards the Malaysian population, the present study was conducted to investigate the degree of awareness towards haze and the number of safety measures adopted by the Malaysian population during the haze crisis based on demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from 4 to 29 January 2016 on 387 subjects in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The results showed that more than 90% of the respondents were aware of the hazards of haze pollution. Respondents with higher education background with diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate degree possessed greater awareness on the hazards of haze (p < 0.001) and practiced safety measures (p = 0.025) compared with those with lower education background with no proper schooling, primary schooling and secondary schooling. Among the subjects with higher household income (>RM 10,000/month) had higher awareness level on haze (p < 0.05) and adopted more safety measures (p < 0.05) compared with respondents with lower household income (<RM 3000/month). Despite controversies regarding the association of demographic factors with awareness level on haze reported, our present study confirmed that demographic factors such as the education background and monthly household income are affecting the awareness score and the number of safety measure taken during haze episode in Malaysia. Hence, more awareness on haze pollution to engage more safety measures during haze episodes should address to the lower education level and socioeconomic group to improve their health and quality of life.

Indexed as

Air PollutionAsia, SoutheasternCross-Sectional StudiesIncomeMalaysiaQuality of LifeSocioeconomic FactorsEducation backgroundHazeHousehold incomeMalaysia

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.