Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32461349›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2020

Heterodimeric IL-15 delays tumor growth and promotes intratumoral CTL and dendritic cell accumulation by a cytokine network involving XCL1, IFN-γ, CXCL9 and CXCL10.

Cristina Bergamaschi, Hrishikesh Pandit, Bethany A Nagy, Dimitris Stellas, Shawn M Jensen, Jenifer Bear, Maggie Cam, Antonio Valentin, Bernard A Fox, Barbara K Felber and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Physical Exercise in Immunotherapy.Sports medicine - open · 2026
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  11. Lactate-Driven IL8+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages Mediate Immunosuppression and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. ALDH1L1 reverses CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Classification based on tumor phenotypes enables the novel molecular characterization of esophagogastric junction cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2025
    Article
  20. Monitoring T-Cell Activation in the Tumor Microenvironment by PET Imaging of the Chemokine CXCL9.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025
    Article

38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Cristina BergamaschiHuman Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1030-2662
Hrishikesh PanditHuman Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0994-6778
Bethany A NagyHuman Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7454-9344
Dimitris StellasHuman Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7787-3921
Shawn M JensenRobert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4843-5930
Jenifer BearHuman Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5065-6081
Maggie CamOffice of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Antonio ValentinHuman Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Bernard A FoxRobert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4452-5947
Barbara K FelberHuman Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8925-8128
George N PavlakisHuman Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA george.pavlakis@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-4027-4036
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research · USProvidence Portland Medical Center · USOffice of Science · US

Funding

CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics ResourceZICBC011532 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI MALIK, MARIAM · 2013 to 2025
$33.7M
Prevention of AIDSZIABC010350 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI FELBER, BARBARA K · 2009 to 2025
$30.0M
Heterodimeric IL-15 in Cancer ImmunotherapyZIABC010750 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI PAVLAKIS, GEORGE N. · 2009 to 2022
$15.6M
Posttranscriptional control of gene expressionZIABC010334 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI FELBER, BARBARA K · 2009 to 2025
$15.1M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInterleukin-15 (IL-15) promotes growth and activation of cytotoxic CD8

methodsThe antitumor activity of hetIL-15 produced from mammalian cells was tested in mouse tumor models (MC38 colon carcinoma and TC-1 epithelial carcinoma). The functional diversity of the immune infiltrate and the cytokine/chemokine network within the tumor was evaluated by flow cytometry, multicolor immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene expression profiling by Nanostring Technologies, and protein analysis by electrochemiluminescence and ELISA assays.

resultshetIL-15 treatment resulted in delayed primary tumor growth. Increased NK and CD8

conclusionsOur results show that hetIL-15 administration enhances T cell entry into tumors, increasing the success rate of immunotherapy interventions. Our study further supports the incorporation of hetIL-15 in tumor immunotherapy approaches to promote the development of antitumor responses by favoring effector over regulatory cells and by promoting lymphocyte and DC localization into tumors through the modification of the tumor chemokine and cytokine milieu.

Indexed as

AnimalsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesChemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL9Chemokines, CColonic NeoplasmsCytokinesDendritic CellsImmunotherapyInterferon-gammaInterleukin-15Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha SubunitKiller Cells, NaturalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicChemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL9Chemokines, CCytokinesInterferon-gammaInterleukin-15Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha SubunitXcl1 protein, mouseCD8-positive T-lymphocytescytokinesdendritic cellsimmunotherapyT-lymphocytes

Identifiers

PMID32461349
PMCPMC7254133
OpenAlexW3028845883

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.