SynthesisBMC public health2020
The quadrivalent HPV vaccine is protective against genital warts: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human papillomavirus prevalence among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Protection Against Persistent HPV-16/18 Infection After Different Number of Doses of Quadrivalent Vaccine in Girls and Young Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of anHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- HPV Vaccine Intent among Adult Women Receiving Care at Community Health Centers.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2022Trial
- Expanding HPV prevention across the life course: evidence on vaccine effectiveness in adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Initial Coverage and Regional Disparities of the National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- IAPSM's Position Paper on the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine for Adult Immunization in India.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2024Article
- Fine scalpel surgery: preserving the dartos muscle in a patient with scrotal and perigenital giant Buschke-Löwenstein tumors.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2024Article
- Implementing a School-Entry Mandate for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Benefits and Challenges.Cureus · 2024Review
- Human Papillomavirus and Associated Cancers: A Review.Viruses · 2024Review
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Risk Behavior in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Paraguayan Young Women.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Therapeutic Horizon: HPV Vaccines and Their Impact on Cutaneous Diseases-A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among sexually active young adults aged 18 to 26 at a sexually transmitted infections clinic.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2023Article
- Impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-related oral infections.Oral oncology · 2023Article
- Ten-Year Trend in Emergency Department Visits for Sexually Transmitted Infections among Adolescents: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Pathogenesis of Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor): An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Human Papillomavirus associated prevention: knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risks among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Pakistan: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Review
- Factors Influencing Knowledge and Acceptance of Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among University Population in Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
- Study of serum level of kisspeptin and interferon-beta in genital wart patients.Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDSArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been assumed to give protection against genital warts (GW) as well as cervical cancer. Our main question was whether HPV vaccine has any effects on the prevention of GW reported in randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and time-trend analyses.
methodsThis meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using the PICO format. We searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials), and assessed heterogeneity using the Q-test and I-squared statistics, meta-regression was also performed. Odds ratios (OR) and their confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The sensitivity was tested by leave-one-out method. We evaluated the presence of publication bias using the funnel plot graph and the Copas selection model. The strength of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.
resultsEight RCTs (per-protocol populations) and eight time-trend ecological studies were included in this meta-analysis. A significant reduction (pooled OR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.09; I-squared = 53.6%) of GW in young women was recorded in RCTs, and in time-trend analyses both in young women (pooled OR = 0.36, CI 95% = 0.26-0.51; I-squared = 98.2%), and in young men (pooled OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.61-0.78; I-squared = 92.7%). In subgroup analysis, a significant reduction of the number of GW events was observed especially in women under 21 years (pooled OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17-0.63). Leave-one-out analysis showed that similar results could be obtained after excluding one study, meta-regression did not show significant difference.
conclusionsProphylactic, quadrivalent HPV vaccination can prevent GW in healthy women and men, therefore, it should be included in routine immunization programme.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.