Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32460746›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2020

Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9.

Amata El Mouhawess, Amal Hammoud, Marouan Zoghbi, Souheil Hallit, Chadia Haddad, Kinda El Haddad, Saydeh El Khoury, Jennifer Tannous, Sahar Obeid, Mohamad Adnan Halabi and 1 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2024
    Article
  5. Global seroprevalence ofHealth science reports · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Genes · 2022
    Article
  8. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Amata El MouhawessMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family University, Batroun, 5534, Lebanon.
Amal HammoudPublic Health Faculty, Jinan University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Marouan ZoghbiPsychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, 6096, Lebanon.
Souheil HallitFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. souheilhallit@hotmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-6918-5689
Chadia HaddadPsychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, 6096, Lebanon.
Kinda El HaddadMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family University, Batroun, 5534, Lebanon.
Saydeh El KhouryMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family University, Batroun, 5534, Lebanon.
Jennifer TannousMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family University, Batroun, 5534, Lebanon.
Sahar ObeidPsychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, 6096, Lebanon.
Mohamad Adnan HalabiMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family University, Batroun, 5534, Lebanon.
Nour MammariMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family University, Batroun, 5534, Lebanon.
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik · LBInserm · FRJinan University · LBSaint Joseph University · LB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundToxoplasma multiplication and its persistence into the brain cause a local neuroinflammatory reaction, resulting synthesis of neurotransmitters involved in neurological disorders, especially schizophrenia. The Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) protein can play a major role in this neuroinflammation. It can promote extravasation and migration of infected immune cells into the brain. The objectives of this study are to determine the possible association between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis and highlight the existence of gene polymorphism encoding MMP-9 protein's in patients presented both schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis.

methodsA case-control study was conducted on 150 patients with schizophrenia (case group), and 150 healthy persons (control group). Groups were matched with age, gender, and place of residence. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire and a serological profile assay for specific IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of gene polymorphism encoding MMP-9 was performed on 83 cases selected randomly.

resultsData show a significant association between toxoplasmosis (IgM+/IgG+ serological profile) and schizophrenia. Significant effects of raw meat consumption and contact with cats have been associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia. RT-PCR shows the presence of muted allele of MMP-9 gene in selected cases whose present T. gondii serological profile IgM+/IgG+ and IgM-/IgG+ respectively.

conclusionToxoplasmosis may be one of the etiological causes of schizophrenia, and MMP-9 gene polymorphism could be involved in the occurrence mechanism of this pathology following Toxoplasma infection.

Indexed as

Polymorphism, GeneticAnimalsAntibodies, ProtozoanCase-Control StudiesCatsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansLebanonMaleMatrix Metalloproteinase 9Middle AgedSchizophreniaSeroepidemiologic StudiesToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisAntibodies, ProtozoanMatrix Metalloproteinase 9MMP9 protein, humanCNSMMP-9 gene polymorphismSchizophreniaToxoplasmosis

Identifiers

PMID32460746
PMCPMC7254747
OpenAlexW3030437876

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.