ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2020
The amount of cytokine-release defines different shades of Sars-Cov2 infection.
Review in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 Pathophysiology Predicts That Ischemic Stroke Occurrence Is an Expectation, Not an Exception-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in northeast Italy: A cross-sectional study on 916 patients.Journal of autoimmunity · 2020Trial
- Histopathological examination of lung from infant with lethal COVID-19 with special attention on pneumocytes type II and the immune infiltrate: a case study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Protease-activated receptors in health and disease.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Inferring Recombination Events in SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Silico.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Role of biological markers and CT severity score in predicting mortality in patients with COVID‑19: An observational retrospective study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Neurologic manifestations in children with COVID-19.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society · 2022Article
- Neurologic manifestations in children with COVID-19 from a tertiary center in Turkey and literature review.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society · 2022Review
- Is COVID-19-associated cytokine storm distinct from non-COVID-19 secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis?Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Hyperinflammation after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA/DNA vaccines successfully treated with anakinra: Case series and literature review.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1: So Different yet so AlikeInternational journal of medical sciences · 2022Review
- Time evolution of cytokine profiles associated with mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Role of vitamin D in regulating COVID-19 severity-An immunological perspective.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Review
- Relative expression of proinflammatory molecules in COVID-19 patients who manifested disease severities.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Key Roles in COVID-19 Pathophysiology.CJC open · 2021Review
- HGF, IL-1α, and IL-27 Are Robust Biomarkers in Early Severity Stratification of COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Protease-activated receptor 1 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis versus cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 patients.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID 19), spreading from China all around the world in early 2020, has led scientists to investigate the immuno-mediated mechanisms underlying the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. Depending on the amount of cytokines released as the result of the immunological activation induced by SARS-CoV2, three major clinical phenotypes can be identified: "mild",symbolized as a "drizzle" of cytokines, severe as a "storm", and critical as a "hurricane". In patients with mild symptoms, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is balanced to obtain a defense response against the virus which is often self-limiting and overcomes without tissue damage. In severe phenotype, resembling a "cytokine-release syndrome", SARS-CoV2 causes the lysis of the immune-mediators leading to a cytokine storm able to induce lung epithelium damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In critical patients, the immune response may become uncontrolled, thus the cytokine burst resembles a form of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis which may result in a multi organ failure. In addition to the standard of care, an immune-modulatory therapy tailored to each one of the different phenotypes should be used in order to prevent or reduce the release of cytokines responsible for organ damage and disease progression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.