ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
The Differential Expression of Cytokines and Growth Factors After SMILE Compared With FS-LASIK in Rabbits.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transepithelial Laser versus Alcohol Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy Safety and Efficacy: 1-Year Follow-up of a Contralateral Eye Study.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2021Trial
- Time-dependent changes in corneal biomechanics after small incision lenticule extraction: an in vivo study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A on tear inflammatory cytokines and goblet cell function after corneal refractive surgery.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Corneal Wound Healing: Differential Molecular Responses in Tears Following PRK, FS-LASIK, and SMILE Procedures.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Bibliometric and visualized analysis of myopic corneal refractive surgery research: from 1979 to 2022.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Prospective, Randomized, Fellow Eye-Controlled Study of Postoperative Pain and Inflammation Control with an Intracanalicular Dexamethasone 0.4 mg Ophthalmic Insert Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Differences of Corneal Biomechanics Among Thin Normal Cornea, Forme-Fruste Keratoconus, and Cornea After SMILE.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Time-varying regularity of changes in biomechanical properties of the corneas after removal of anterior corneal tissue.Biomedical engineering online · 2021Article
- Effect of Myopic Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK on Anterior Chamber Inflammation (Flare Values) and Corneal Endothelium: A Prospective before and after Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the differential expression of cytokines and growth factors in the cornea and aqueous humor after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) compared with femtosecond LASIK (FS-LASIK) using rabbit model. Methods: Sixteen eyes of 16 rabbits in each group underwent SMILE or FS-LASIK with refractive correction of -6.00 DS/-1.00 DC. Eight additional rabbits served as controls. Pre- and 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, slit-lamp and anterior segment optical coherence tomography were performed, followed by cornea and aqueous humor collection. Apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated with TUNEL assay and Ki-67 immunostaining, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of cytokines and growth factors was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cytokine levels in the aqueous humor were detected with ELISA. Results: Compared with FS-LASIK, SMILE induced less apoptosis and proliferation in the cornea within 1 week postoperatively. Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and EGFR in the cornea were significantly increased after FS-LASIK compared with SMILE within 24 hours. Levels of IL-8 in the aqueous humor remained elevated until 1 week after FS-LASIK but not SMILE. TGF-β1 level was elevated up to 1 month after both procedures, while BFGF level was kept high within 1 month after SMILE but not FS-LASIK. Conclusions: SMILE could induce significantly less acute inflammation than FS-LASIK in the cornea and aqueous humor. The differential expression of TGF-β1 and BFGF between two procedures until 1 month might contribute to the post-SMILE delayed recovery and underline the importance of continued treatment postoperatively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.