ArticleAnnals of work exposures and health2020
Allergic and Respiratory Symptoms in Employees of Indoor Cannabis Grow Facilities.
Article in Annals of work exposures and health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-parameter characterization of indoor air quality in a medical marijuana cultivation facility in Oklahoma: a pilot study of occupational exposure determinants.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Work-Related Asthma in the Cannabis Industry: Findings From California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Washington.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Should cannabis self-cultivation be part of a public health‒oriented legalization policy framework?Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Article
- Bioaerosol Exposures and Respiratory Diseases in Cannabis Workers.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- IgE-Mediated Allergy and Asymptomatic Sensitization to Cannabis Allergens-Review of Current Knowledge and Presentation of Six Cases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Stress, Mental Health, and Coping Among Workers in the Northern California Cannabis Industry: A Qualitative Descriptive Analysis.New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS · 2024Article
- Fatal Occupational Asthma in Cannabis Production - Massachusetts, 2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Epicutaneous Sensitization to the Phytocannabinoid β-Caryophyllene Induces Pruritic Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Proteomics-Based Approach for Detailing the Allergenic Profile of Cannabis Chemotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Emerging Spectrum of Respiratory Diseases in the U.S. Cannabis Industry.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile little is known about the occupational hazards associated with Cannabis cultivation, both historical research in the hemp industry and preliminary data from modern grow houses, suggest that Cannabis workers may be at increased risk of respiratory and allergic diseases.
objectivesWe sought to investigate the association between workplace exposures and health symptoms in an indoor Cannabis grow facility in Washington State, USA.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study with all consenting employees in an indoor Cannabis grow facility in Seattle, WA using a questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered data on respiratory, ocular, nasal, and dermal symptoms. A subset of employees with work-related symptoms underwent repeated cross-shift and cross-week measurement of spirometry, fractional exhaled nitrogen oxide (FeNO), and skin prick testing for Cannabis sensitization. Exposure to Cannabis dust was classified based on self-described tasks, expert opinion, and exposure monitoring of particulate matter. Multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to examine associations between exposure to Cannabis dust (classified as low, medium, and high) and health symptoms. Linear mixed effects models examined the relationship between cross-shift and cross-week changes in spirometry and FeNO.
resultsNinety-seven percent (97%) of the employees (n = 31) surveyed were recreational cannabis users, with 81% (n = 25) smoking cannabis multiple times per day. Twenty-two (71%) employees reported one or more work-related symptoms: 65% respiratory, 39% ocular, 32% nasal, and 26% dermal symptoms. There was a trend toward increased likelihood of work-related symptoms with increasing exposure to Cannabis dust, although none of these results were statistically significant. Of the 10 employees with work-aggravated symptoms, 5 had borderline-high or high FeNO, 7 had abnormal spirometry, and 5 had evidence of Cannabis sensitization on skin prick testing. FeNO increased by 3.78 ppb (95% confidence interval 0.68-6.88 ppb) across the work-week and there was a trend toward cross-week and cross-shift reduced airflow.
conclusionsWe found a high prevalence of work-related allergic- and particularly respiratory symptoms in the employees of one indoor Cannabis grow facility in Washington State. A high proportion of employees with work-aggravated symptoms had findings consistent with probable work-related asthma based on high FeNO, airflow obstruction on spirometry, and Cannabis sensitization on skin prick testing. However, due to the high incidence of recreational cannabis use among these workers, the relative influence of occupational versus recreational exposure to Cannabis dust on the respiratory health and sensitization status of these workers could not be resolved in this study.
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