ArticlePloS one2020
Influenza vaccine efficacy induced by orally administered recombinant baculoviruses.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeated oral exposure to H5N1 influenza virus in pasteurized milk does not cause adverse responses to subsequent influenza infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Protective Immunity Induced by Immunization with Baculovirus, Virus-like Particle, and Vaccinia Virus Expressing the AMA1 ofBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Cross-Protection Induced by Virus-like Particles Derived from the Influenza B Virus.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Sublingual Vaccination with Live Influenza Virus Induces Better Protection Than Oral Immunization in Mice.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although vaccine delivery through the oral route remains the most convenient and safest way for mass immunization purposes, this method is limited by the requirement for large antigen doses and low vaccine efficacy. In this study, we generated recombinant baculoviruses (rBVs) expressing influenza hemagglutinin (A/PR/8/34) and orally delivered a low dose of rBVs to evaluate its vaccine efficacy in mice. Intranasal rBV vaccination was included in the whole experiment for comparison. We found that oral vaccination elicited high levels of virus-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in both serum and mucosal samples (lung, tracheal, intestinal, fecal and vaginal). Surprisingly, complete protection from the lethal influenza challenge was observed, as indicated by reductions in the virus titer, inflammatory cytokine production, body weight change, and enhanced survival. These results suggest that oral delivery of the influenza rBV vaccine induces mucosal and systemic immunity, which protect mice from the lethal influenza virus challenge. Oral delivery of baculovirus vaccines can be developed as an effective vaccination route.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.