ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2020
Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes.
Review in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors during acute illness: a systematic review based on COVID-19.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Pediatric endocrinopathies related to COVID-19: an update.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of bias and certainty of evidence on the association between obesity and mortality in patients with SARS-COV-2: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2023Pooled it
- Obesity in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2020Pooled it
- ICU Admission and Post-Discharge Mortality in COVID-19: Different Risk Factors Across Clinical Phases.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Hidden Hunger in Pediatric Obesity: Redefining Malnutrition Through Macronutrient Quality and Micronutrient Deficiency.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Leptin and Acute Lung Disorders.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- Variability in Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Endothelial Function After COVID-19 During 1.5 Years of Follow-Up-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sex-specific impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a comparative study of 2018-2019 and 2020-2021.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Induces Greater NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obese Patients than Other Chronic Illnesses: A Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Body mass index and critical care outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients-A national cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Body Mass Index and Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Young Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Obesity as a Risk Factor for the Severity of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients: Possible Mechanisms-A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Metabolic health is more strongly associated with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 than obesity.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Nitrite Attenuates the In Vitro Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells to the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein without Interfering in the Antioxidant Enzyme Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- The association between obesity with treatment duration, ICU length of stay and the risk of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2023Article
- Association of body mass index with COVID-19-related neurologic sequelae: a retrospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Arterial Stiffness and COVID-19: Potential Association with Diabetes, Hypertension and Obesity: a Cross Sectional Study.Maedica · 2023Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent reports have shown a strong association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of other comorbidities. After infecting the host cells, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause a hyperinflammatory reaction through the excessive release of cytokines, a condition known as "cytokine storm," while inducing lymphopenia and a disrupted immune response. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysregulation, but the exact mechanisms through which it exacerbates COVID-19 infection are not fully clarified. The production of increased amounts of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) lead to oxidative stress and defective function of innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness could favor the recently discovered infection of the endothelium by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic microenvironment in obesity could provide a link for the increased cardiovascular events in these patients. The successful use of anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-1 and IL-6 blockers in similar hyperinflammatory settings, like that of rheumatoid arthritis, has triggered the discussion of whether such agents could be administrated in selected patients with COVID-19 disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.