ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2020
Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk COVID-19 Patients That Should Be Ramped Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The military as a neglected pathogen transmitter, from the nineteenth century to COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2021Pooled it
- Cardiac Complications Attributed to Hydroxychloroquine: A Systematic Review of the Literature Pre-COVID-19.Current cardiology reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Chloroquine nasal drops in asymptomatic & mild COVID-19: An exploratory randomized clinical trial.The Indian journal of medical researchTrial
- What Lessons can Be Learned From the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic?International journal of public health · 2025Review
- Is Covid-19 "vaccine uptake" in postsecondary education a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry.Health (London, England : 1997) · 2024Article
- Is resistance to Covid-19 vaccination a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry of vaccine mandates for healthcare workers.AIMS public health · 2024Article
- A comment-driven evidence appraisal approach to promoting research findings into practice when only uncertain evidence is available.Health research policy and systems · 2023Article
- Appraising the decision-making process concerning COVID-19 policy in postsecondary education in Canada: A critical scoping review protocol.AIMS public health · 2023Article
- Counterfactuals of effects of vaccination and public health measures on COVID-19 cases in Canada: what could have happened?Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Coronavirus 2019 disease: Are corticosteroids the key treatment? A retrospective case-control study in Brazil.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Effects of hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir on clinical course in outpatients with COVID-19Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Role of rehabilitation amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a review.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Examining reporting and representation of patients with cancer in COVID-19 clinical trials.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Open science saves lives: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Article
- Evidence-based approach to early outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2021Review
- Toxicity of hydroxychloroquine, a potential treatment for COVID-19, on free-living marine nematodes.Marine pollution bulletin · 2021Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Inhibits Cardiac Conduction in Aged Patients with Nonmalaria Diseases.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cardiotoxic Potential of Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine and Azithromycin in Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Hydroxychloroquine in the post-COVID-19 era: will this pandemic upset decades of clinical practice?Clinical rheumatology · 2021Review
- Cancer vs. SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, overlapping functions, and pharmacological targeting.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Review
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1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than 1.6 million Americans have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and more than 10 times that number carry antibodies to it. High-risk patients with progressing symptomatic disease currently have only hospitalization treatment, with its high mortality, available to them. An outpatient treatment that prevents hospitalization is desperately needed. Two candidate medications have been widely discussed: remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZ). Remdesivir has shown mild effectiveness in hospitalized inpatients, but no trials in outpatients have been registered. HCQ + AZ has been widely misrepresented in both clinical reports and public media, and results of outpatient trials are not expected until September. Early outpatient illness is very different from later florid disease requiring hospitalization, and the treatments differ. Evidence about use of HCQ alone, or of HCQ + AZ in inpatients, is irrelevant with regard to the efficacy of HCQ + AZ in early high-risk outpatient disease. Five studies, including 2 controlled clinical trials, have demonstrated significant major outpatient treatment efficacy. HCQ + AZ has been used as the standard of care in more than 300,000 older adults with multiple comorbid conditions; the estimated proportion of such patients diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmia attributable to the medications is 47 per 100,000 users, among whom estimated mortality is less than 20% (9/100,000 users), as compared with the 10,000 Americans now dying each week. These medications need to be made widely available and promoted immediately for physicians to prescribe.
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