ArticleNutrients2020
Impact of Meal Timing and Chronotype on Food Reward and Appetite Control in Young Adults.
Article in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The ZOE SMART EATS (Satiety, Microbiome, Appetite Regulation, and Tracking Energy Across Targeted Snacks) Acute Postprandial Study: Investigating the Acute Effects of a High-fibre Plant-based Snack Bar on Subjective Postprandial Hunger, Energy Intake and Eating Behaviour in Healthy UK Adults.
The ZOE SMART EATS (Satiety, Microbiome, Appetite Regulation, and Tracking Energy Across Targeted Snacks) Chronic Randomised Controlled Trial: Investigating the Chronic Effects of a High-fibre Plant-based Snack Bar on Subjective Daily Hunger, the Gut Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy UK Adults.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-Restricted Eating on Appetite and Inflammation in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes: A Randomized Feeding Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Short-term effects of high-protein, lower-carbohydrate ultra-processed foods on human energy balance.Nature metabolism · 2025Trial
- Impact of resistance training intensity on body composition and nutritional intake among college women with overweight and obesity: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity.Cell metabolism · 2022Trial
- Review
- Mindful Eating and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Women with and Without Regular Exercise Habits.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Chronotype-specific associations of meal timing patterns with cardiometabolic health in women: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal hormone-related appetite regulation.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a protocol to determine product perception in relation to the moment of the day.MethodsX · 2025Article
- Early chronotype favors appetite and reduced later day caloric intake among adults with obesity.Chronobiology international · 2024Article
- Differences in Dietary Intake, Eating Occasion Timings and Eating Windows between Chronotypes in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Associations of timing of food intake with energy intake, eating behaviour traits and psychosocial factors in adults with overweight and obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Sleep, activity, and diet in harmony: unveiling the relationships of chronotype, sleep quality, physical activity, and dietary intake.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Chronotype Differences in Body Composition, Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior Outcomes: A Scoping Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Meal Timing and Macronutrient Composition Modulate Human Metabolism and Reward-Related Drive to Eat.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Is the binge-eating disorder a circadian disorder?Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Evening Chronotype Is Associated with Poorer Habitual Diet in US Women, with Dietary Energy Density Mediating a Relation of Chronotype with Cardiovascular Health.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Early meal timing and chronotype are associated with lower BMI, but their impact on appetite is poorly understood. We examined the impact of meal timing and chronotype on appetite and food reward. Forty-four adults were divided into early (EC; Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score = 55 ± 5) or late chronotype (LC; MEQ score = 40 ± 6) and assessed for body mass index, habitual energy intake (EI; three-day online dietary record) and eating behavior traits from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Participants attended the laboratory after ≥3 h fast on two occasions for early (AM; 8-10 a.m.) and late (PM; 4-6 p.m.) counterbalanced testing sessions in a 2 × 2 design. Appetite ratings and food reward (validated diurnal Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) were measured in response to a standardized test meal. LC was associated with higher BMI (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.