ArticleBrain sciences2020
Parental Education on Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks' Diminished Returns.
Article in Brain sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The effect of early childhood stature on later cognitive functions in Indonesian adolescents: comparation using the National growth reference and the WHO growth standard.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Academic Aspirations of 12th Grade Students in the United States: Place-Based Diminished Returns of Parental Education in Rural Areas.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- High Socioeconomic Status Black Adolescents Attend Worse Schools than Whites.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Resting-State Sensory-Motor Connectivity between Hand and Mouth as a Neural Marker of Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Psychosocial Stress, Cognitive Difficulties, Impulsivity, Depression, and Substance Use in Children.Journal of cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Weaker Effects of Parental Education on Oral Nicotine Use of High School Students in Rural Areas: Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Unequal Benefits: How Parental Education Falls Short for Black and Latino Youth.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Educational Attainment Better Protects Non-Latino than Latino People Against Diabetes Mellitus.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- Trauma Erodes Financial Returns of Educational Attainment.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- "To Be Twice as Good to Get Half": Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2025Article
- A Novel Time Use Approach on Daily Active Engagement With Life: The Intersectionality of Race and Gender.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- Household Income and Subsequent Youth Tobacco Initiation: Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of medicine, surgery, and public health · 2024Article
- Role of Impulsivity in Explaining Social Gradient in Youth Tobacco Use Initiation: Does Race Matter?Open journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Unequal Returns: Education Fails to Fully Prepare Black and Latino Americans for Retirement.Open journal of educational research · 2024Article
- Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Numeracy Score of Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.Open journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Education Does Not Equally Increase Financial Well-being for All.Journal of social mathematical & human engineering sciences · 2024Article
- Blacks' Diminished Returns of Parental Education on Household Income: A Study of College Students in the US.Open journal of educational research · 2024Article
- Educated but Unhealthy? Examining Minorities' Diminished Returns.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Educated but on Social Security Disability Insurance: Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2024Article
- Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Body Mass Index Among Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
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Funding
Abstract
backgroundNon-Hispanic Black (NHB) youth are at a higher risk of high-risk behaviors compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) youth. Some of this racial gap is shown to be due to weaker effects of parental educational attainment on reducing the prevalence of behavioral risk factors such as impulsivity, substance use, aggression, obesity, and poor school performance for NHBs, a pattern called Minorities' Diminished Returns. These diminishing returns may be due to lower than expected effects of parental education on inhibitory control.
aimWe compared NHW and NHB youth for the effect of parental educational attainment on youth inhibitory control, a psychological and cognitive construct that closely predicts high-risk behaviors such as the use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis that included 4188 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The main outcome was youth inhibitory control measured by the stop-signal task (SST), which was validated by parent reports on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
resultsIn race/ethnicity-stratified models, high parental educational attainment was associated with a higher level of inhibitory control for NHB than NHW youth. In the pooled sample, race/ethnicity showed a statistically significant interaction with parental educational attainment on youth inhibitory control suggesting that high parental educational attainment has a smaller boosting effect on inhibitory control for NHB than NHW youth.
conclusionParental educational attainment boosts inhibitory control for NHW but not NHB youth. To minimize the racial gap in youth brain development, we need to address societal barriers that diminish the returns of family economic and human resources, particularly parental educational attainment, for racial and ethnic minority youth. Social and public policies should address structural and societal barriers such as social stratification, segregation, racism, and discrimination that hinder NHB parents' abilities to effectively mobilize their human resources and secure tangible outcomes for their developing youth.
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