ArticleCancers2020
A Simple Three-Dimensional In Vitro Culture Mimicking the In Vivo-Like Cell Behavior of Bladder Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antitumor activity of gilteritinib, an inhibitor of AXL, in human solid tumors.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Cancer 3D Models: Essential Tools for Understanding and Overcoming Drug Resistance.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Cancer Patient-Derived Cell-Based Models: Applications and Challenges in Functional Precision Medicine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cell Line-Based Human Bladder Organoids with Bladder-like Self-Organization-A New Standardized Approach in Bladder Cancer Research.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Bioprinting of Stem Cell Spheroids Followed by Post-Printing Chondrogenic Differentiation for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Patient-derived xenograft models in cancer therapy: technologies and applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- 3D Tumor Models in Urology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Advances in the bladder cancer research using 3D culture models.Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine: From Matrix Design to Application.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Review
- Patient-Derived Bladder Cancer Organoid Models in Tumor Biology and Drug Testing: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2022Review
- Tumor-Targeted Fluorescent Proteinoid Nanocapsules Encapsulating Synergistic Drugs for Personalized Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- RNA sequencing of long-term label-retaining colon cancer stem cells identifies novel regulators of quiescence.iScience · 2021Article
- Preclinical Models for Bladder Cancer Research.Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Spheroids of Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells for Bladder Tissue Engineering.BioMed research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models allow for personalized drug selection and the identification of drug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. However, PDX models present technical disadvantages, such as long engraftment time, low success rate, and high maintenance cost. On the other hand, tumor spheroids are emerging as an in vitro alternative model that can maintain the phenotype of cancer cells long enough to perform all assays and predict a patient's outcome. The present work aimed to describe a simple, reproducible, and low-cost 3D in vitro culture method to generate bladder tumor spheroids using human cells from PDX mice. Cancer cells from PDX BL0293 and BL0808 models, previously established from advanced bladder cancer, were cultured in 96-well round-bottom ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates with 5% Matrigel and generated regular and round-shaped spheroids (roundness > 0.8) with a diameter larger than 400 μm and a hypoxic core (a feature related to drug resistance in solid tumors). The responses of the tumor spheroids to the antineoplastic drugs cisplatin, gemcitabine, and their combination were similar to tumor responses in in vivo studies with PDX BL0293 and BL0808 mice. Therefore, the in vitro 3D model using PDX tumor spheroids appears as a valuable tool that may predict the outcome of in vivo drug-screening assays and represents a low-cost strategy for such purpose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.