ArticleRespiratory medicine: X2019
T cell Co-Stimulatory molecules ICOS and CD28 stratify idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis survival.
Article in Respiratory medicine: X, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD27 and ICOS as Targets of PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling to Regulate Resident Memory CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Active Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immune Responses Are Shared among Patients with Progressive Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- T Regulatory Mechanisms in Airway and Interstitial Lung Disease.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- New analogs of 5-substituted-2(1Acta biochimica Polonica · 2025Article
- The Role of Inflammation and Fibrosis in Interstitial Lung Disease Treatment Decisions.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the Interplay between Cellular Senescence, Immunity, and Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1: a new approach may be beneficial for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Updates on the controversial roles of regulatory lymphoid cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Dynamic shifts in lung cytokine patterns in post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease patients: a pilot study.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024Article
- The immune mechanisms of acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Lung immune signatures define two groups of end-stage IPF patients.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- High-dimensional comparison of monocytes and T cells in post-COVID and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease that kills as many Americans as breast cancer each year. This study investigated whether lung function decline and survival associates with adaptive immunity in patients with IPF, specifically the expression of checkpoint molecules ICOS, CD28 and PD-1 on circulating CD4 T cells. Clinical data, blood samples and pulmonary function tests were collected prospectively and longitudinally from 59 patients with IPF over a study period of 5 years. Patients were followed until death, lung transplantation, or study end, and cell surface expression of CD45RO, CD28, ICOS, and PD-1 was measured on CD4 T cells via flow cytometry. Repeated measures of ICOS and CD28 on CD4 T cells revealed significant associations between declining ICOS and CD28 expression, and declining lung function parameters FVC and DLCO, independent of age, sex, race, smoking history, or immunosuppressant use. Strikingly, patients in the highest quintile of ICOS at study entry had markedly improved survival, while those with low CD28 fared poorly. No change in PD-1 expression was found. Analysis of ICOS and CD28 from the first blood draw identified three populations of IPF patients; those at high risk for early death, those with intermediate risk, and those at low risk. These results highlight the role of T cell mediated immunity in IPF survival, finding the assessment of two T cell stimulatory checkpoint molecules, CD28 and ICOS, was sufficient to discriminate three distinct survival trajectories over 5 years of patient follow up.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.