ArticleClinical neurophysiology practice2020
Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to map the cortical representation of lower-limb muscles.
Article in Clinical neurophysiology practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Changes in corticospinal excitability in response to mediolateral gait instability.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Quantifying the Toll of Disuse: A Meta-Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength Loss Following Upper Limb Immobilization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Relating cortical morphology, corticospinal excitability, corticomotor representation, and quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Neuromuscular characteristics of eccentric, concentric and isometric contractions of the knee extensors.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Improving localization and measurements of M-waves using high-density surface electromyography.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Cortical drive may facilitate enhanced use of the paretic leg induced by random constraint force to the non-paretic leg during walking in chronic stroke.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- The reliability and validity of rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping for muscles under active contraction.BMC neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Corticospinal excitability across lower limb muscles in humans.Journal of neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Assessing the feasibility of mapping the tibialis anterior muscle with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuro-oncologic patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Mapping of Motor Function with Neuronavigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Review on Clinical Application in Brain Tumors and Methods for Ensuring Feasible Accuracy.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Characterizing off-target corticospinal responses to double-cone transcranial magnetic stimulation.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- Neural Correlates of Knee Extension and Flexion Force Control: A Kinetically-Instrumented Neuroimaging Study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the extent to which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can identify discrete cortical representation of lower-limb muscles in healthy individuals.
methodsMotor evoked potentials were recorded from resting vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medial and lateral hamstring, and medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles on the right leg of 16 young healthy adults using bipolar surface electrodes. TMS was delivered through a 110-mm double-cone coil at 63 sites over the left hemisphere. Location and size of cortical representation and number of discrete peaks were quantified.
resultsWithin the quadriceps group there was a main effect of muscle on anterior-posterior centre of gravity (p = 0.010), but the magnitude of the difference was small. There was also a main effect of muscle on medial-lateral hotspot (p = 0.027) and map volume (p = 0.047), but no post-hoc tests were significant. The topography of each lower-limb muscle was complex and variable across individuals.
conclusionsTMS delivered with a 110-mm double-cone coil could not reliably identify discrete cortical representations of resting lower-limb muscles when responses were measured using bipolar surface electromyography. SIGNIFICANCE: The characteristics of the cortical representation provide a basis against which to evaluate cortical reorganisation in clinical populations.
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