ArticleBone reports2020
The effects of vitamin K-rich green leafy vegetables on bone metabolism: A 4-week randomised controlled trial in middle-aged and older individuals.
Article in Bone reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of high-quality dietary patterns on the prevention of osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Micronutrient risk with GLP-1 receptor and dual incretin agonists in obesity: Mechanistic pathways, clinical signals, and a monitoring framework.Obesity pillars · 2026Review
- Functional Foods as Vehicles for Bioactive Compounds: Chemical and Nutritional Perspectives on Health and Disease Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Associations between dietary index for gut microbiota and bone health outcomes.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Vitamin K: Metabolism, Genetic Influences, and Chronic Disease Outcomes.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Vitamin K Properties in Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: A Janus Bifrons in Protection and Prevention.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Vitamin K and women's health: a review.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- Characterization of fermented foods: bone health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The investigation of connection between anticoagulant therapy and vitamin K homologues in human determined by LC-MS/MS.Bioanalysis · 2024Article
- The Interconnection Between Muscle and Bone: A Common Clinical Management Pathway.Calcified tissue international · 2024Review
- Article
- Vitamin K: Infection, Inflammation, and Auto-Immunity.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Nutritional strategies to optimise musculoskeletal health for fall and fracture prevention: Looking beyond calcium, vitamin D and protein.Bone reports · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Review
- Higher Dietary Vitamin K Intake is Associated with Better Physical Function and Lower Long-Term Injurious Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh vegetable intake is associated with beneficial effects on bone. However, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Green leafy vegetables are a rich source of vitamin K1, which is known to have large effects on osteoblasts and osteocalcin (OC) metabolism.
objectiveTo examine the effects of consumption of two to three extra serves of green leafy vegetables daily on bone metabolism.
methodsThirty individuals (mean age 61.8 ± 9.9 years, 67% male) completed three experimental phases in a randomised controlled crossover design, each lasting four weeks, with a washout period of four weeks between phases (clinical trial registration: ACTRN12615000194561). The three experimental phases were: (i) increased dietary vitamin K1 by consuming green leafy vegetables (H-K; ~200 g/d containing 164.3 [99.5-384.7] μg/d of vitamin K1); (ii) low vitamin K1 by consuming vitamin K1-poor vegetables (L-K; ~200 g/d containing 9.4 [7.7-11.6] μg/d of vitamin K1); and (iii) control (CON) where participants consumed an energy-matched non-vegetable control. OC forms, total OC (tOC), carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), were measured in serum pre- and post-intervention for each experimental phase using a sandwich-electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
resultsPre-intervention tOC, ucOC and ucOC:tOC levels were similar between phases (
conclusionsIn middle-aged healthy men and women, an easily achieved increase in dietary intake of vitamin K1-rich green leafy vegetables substantially reduces serum tOC and ucOC suggesting increased entry of OC into bone matrix, where it may improve the material property of bone. In conjunction with previous epidemiological and randomised controlled trial data, these findings suggest that interventions to increase vegetable intake over extended periods should include bone end points including fracture risk.
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