Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32454044›Full record

ArticleChest2020

Emotional Experiences and Coping Strategies of Family Members of Critically Ill Patients.

Emily A Harlan, Jacquelyn Miller, Deena K Costa, Angela Fagerlin, Theodore J Iwashyna, Emily P Chen, Kyra Lipman, Thomas S Valley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chest, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Beyond Survival: Lessons From a Research Journey in Critical Care Recovery Science.American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Incidence rate of post-intensive care syndrome-family in Japan: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational study.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Understanding and addressing a 'difficult' family in ICU.Critical care (London, England) · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. "Living with"Frontiers in neurology · 2024
    Article
  17. Factors Affecting Psychological Distress in Family Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study.American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emily A HarlanDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address: schwessi@med.umich.edu.
Jacquelyn MillerCenter for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Deena K CostaSchool of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Angela FagerlinDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Center for Informatics Decision Enhancement and Surveillance (IDEAS), Salt Lake City, UT.
Theodore J IwashynaInstitute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI.
Emily P ChenCenter for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Kyra LipmanDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Thomas S ValleyCenter for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Funding

Preventing avoidable deaths from pneumonia by improving use of intensive careK23HL140165 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI VALLEY, THOMAS SEBASTIAN · 2018 to 2022
$915k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL140165
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTwo out of three family members experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, or anxiety lasting for months after the ICU stay. Interventions aimed at mitigating these symptoms have been unsuccessful. RESEARCH QUESTION: To understand the emotional experiences of family members of critically ill patients and to identify coping strategies used by family members during the ICU stay. STUDY

designand Methods: As part of a mixed methods study to understand sources of distress among ICU family members, semistructured interviews were conducted with ICU family members. Family members completed surveys at the time of interview and at 90 days to assess for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress.

resultsSemistructured interviews and baseline surveys were conducted with 40 ICU family members; 78% of participants (n = 31) completed follow-up surveys at 90 days. At the time of interview, 65% of family members had symptoms of depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress. At 90 days, 48% of surveyed family members had symptoms of psychological distress. Three primary emotions were identified among ICU family members: sadness, anger, and fear. A diverse array of coping strategies was used by family members, including problem-solving, information seeking, avoidance/escape, self-reliance, support seeking, and accommodation.

interpretationThis study emphasizes similarities in emotions but diversity in coping strategies used by family members in the ICU. Understanding the relationship between ICU experiences, emotional responses, and long-term psychological outcomes may guide targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes of ICU family members.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalCritical IllnessEmotionsAdultAgedAnxietyDepressionFamilyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedStress Disorders, Post-Traumaticcognitive functiondecision-makingdepressionICUpsychology

Identifiers

PMID32454044
PMCPMC7545490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.