ArticlePloS one2020
Comparison of tobacco-specific nitrosamine levels in smokeless tobacco products: High levels in products from Bangladesh.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal co-occurrence patterns and related risk factors of esophageal and lip and oral cavity cancers among older adults across 203 countries and territories: a machine learning-driven systematic analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring healthcare professionals' experiences and perspectives on cessation support for people who use non-cigarette tobacco: a qualitative study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Nicotiana tabacum: From a Beneficial Plant to Harmful Products-A Comprehensive Review of Smokeless Tobacco and Its Adverse Health Effects.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Review
- Smokeless Tobacco Usage and Oral Cancer Risk: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study From Bangladesh.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Oral Cancer Incidence Among Adult Males With Current or Former Use of Cigarettes or Smokeless Tobacco: Population-Based Study.JMIR cancer · 2024Article
- Variability in addictive and carcinogenic potential of smokeless tobacco products marketed in Mumbai, India: a surveillance study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Microbial community and functions involved in smokeless tobacco product: a metagenomic approach.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- New insights into the biology and development of lung cancer in never smokers-implications for early detection and treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urinary Metabolites ofChemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Mass Spectrometric Quantitation ofChemical research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Composition and Ecological Functionality of Fungal Communities Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products Mainly Consumed in India.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Carcinogenic components of tobacco and tobacco smoke: A 2022 update.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2022Review
- Delineating the Bacteriome of Packaged and Loose Smokeless Tobacco Products Available in North India.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Metabolism and DNA Adduct Formation of Tobacco-SpecificInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Characterization of Oral Bacterial Composition of Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users from Healthy Indians Using 16S rDNA Analysis.Microbial ecology · 2021Article
- Microorganisms: crucial players of smokeless tobacco for several health attributes.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Bacteriome of Moist Smokeless Tobacco Products Consumed in India With Emphasis on the Predictive Functional Potential.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bangladesh exhibits the second highest rate of smokeless tobacco (SLT) product usage in the world, and this has been associated with the high upper aerodigestive tract cancer incidence in this country. The goal of the present study was to examine the levels of the highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in Bangladeshi SLT products and compare these levels to that observed in SLT brands from southeast Asia and the USA. The levels of TSNAs and nicotine were determined by LC-MS/MS in twenty-eight SLT brands and several tobacco additives from Bangladesh, as well as several SLT brands from India, Pakistan and the USA. The levels of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) in Bangladeshi SLT brands ranged from 1.1-59, 0.15-34, 0.79-45, and 0.037-13 μg/g SLT powder, respectively. The mean levels of the highly carcinogenic TSNAs (NNN+NNK) were 7.4-, 2.4-, and 63-fold higher in Bangladeshi SLT products as compared to SLT brands from the USA, India and Pakistan, respectively; these trends were also observed for NAT and NAB. Similar mean levels of nicotine were observed in the Bangladeshi brands (31 mg/g powder) versus brands from the USA (25 mg/g powder) and India (20 mg/g powder); they were 3-fold higher than brands from Pakistan (10 mg/g powder). Gul SLT brands exhibited the highest pH and the highest levels of unprotonated nicotine. The high levels of TSNAs in Bangladeshi SLT brands may be an important factor contributing to the high rates of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Bangladesh.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.