ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2020
Viral Etiology, Clinical Features and Antibiotic Use in Children <5 Years of Age in the Gambia Presenting With Influenza-like Illness.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory illnesses in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Prior upregulation of interferon pathways in the nasopharynx impacts viral shedding following live attenuated influenza vaccine challenge in children.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- The effect of live attenuated influenza vaccine on pneumococcal colonisation densities among children aged 24-59 months in The Gambia: a phase 4, open label, randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2021Trial
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Viral Respiratory Infections in Djibouti: Insights from Two Years of Pilot Surveillance.Viruses · 2025Article
- Viral and Bacterial Etiology of Common Respiratory Infections in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Microfluidic qPCR for detection of 21 common respiratory viruses in children with influenza-like illness.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Senegal: findings from the 2022 sentinel surveillance season.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Antibiotic prescription among children with common cold at a district hospital in Uganda.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2023Article
- Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in The Gambia: an analysis of routinely collected surveillance data between March, 2020, and January, 2022.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- A report on preparation, expansion and future outlook of COVID-19 testing in Gambia.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- Intense and Mild First Epidemic Wave of Coronavirus Disease, The Gambia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKnowledge regarding the prevalence, clinical features and etiology of pediatric influenza-like illness (ILI) remains limited in African settings. Furthermore, it is likely that many children presenting with ILI receive antibiotics unnecessarily. More data are required to develop antimicrobial stewardship practice and guide effective vaccine strategies. We undertook a 1-year prospective study of ILI in the Gambia.
methodsChildren <5 years of age presenting with ILI from March 2018 to March 2019 were recruited. Clinical and antibiotic prescribing data were collected. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and analyzed for 12 respiratory viruses using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
resultsFrom a total of 735 ILI episodes, 530 (72.1%) nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for ≥1 virus. Of these, 36.7% were positive for rhinovirus, 14.7% for respiratory syncytial virus, 8.4% for influenza and 7.2% for human metapneumovirus. Compared with children <6 months of age, influenza was more common in 6- to 23-month-old children [odd ratio (OR): 5.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72-18.76; P = 0.004]. Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus were associated with low peripheral oxygen saturations (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.23-3.69; P = 0.007; and OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.13-5.27; P = 0.023, respectively). Antibiotics were prescribed in 78.3% of all ILI cases.
conclusionsA broad range of viruses are responsible for pediatric ILI in the Gambia. Refined treatment guidelines, improved diagnostic capacity and vaccines to prevent respiratory viruses will all play a role in reducing antimicrobial use for these cases.
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