ArticleJournal of learning disabilities
The Prevalence of Dyslexia: A New Approach to Its Estimation.
Article in Journal of learning disabilities. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychoeducational Challenges of Dyslexic Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Visual and Oculomotor Function in Developmental Dyslexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- Event-related potentials in the "Triangle" framework of reading and developmental dyslexia: a systematic review.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Pooled it
- AI-enabled eye-movement and emerging multimodal frameworks for precision dyslexia screening and reading pattern analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Experiences of medical students and doctors with dyslexia: A systematic review.Medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Hypothesis-driven genome-wide association studies provide novel insights into genetics of reading disabilities.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to improve reading difficulties in dyslexia: A systematic review.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- A model-based meta-analytic examination of specific reading comprehension deficit: how prevalent is it and does the simple view of reading account for it?Annals of dyslexia · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of online visual games on visual perception, oculomotor, and balance skills of children with developmental dyslexia during the COVID-19 pandemic.International ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Debating the Delphi View of Dyslexia: A Response to Metsala, Morsanyi and Colleagues.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Neurodivergence Among Nurses in the Workforce: A Scoping Review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- The Severity of Phonological Deficit as a Determinant of Dyslexia Compensation in Adulthood.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Screening for brain-related comorbidities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Construction, reliability, and validity of the BIND screener.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Observational
- Phoneme Monitoring in Developmental Dyslexia: Pupillometric Evidence for Cognitive Rather than Acoustic Origins of Phonological Deficits.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Co-Designing an Easy-Read Adult Social Care Outcomes Measure for Older People: Approach to and Reflections on Involving People Living With Dementia and Their Supporters.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities of children and adolescents with specific learning disorders: associations with gender and educational level.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Towards disentangling the polygenic contribution of dyslexia to school performance.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The processing of multiple letters and multiple words in deaf adults.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Thoughts on the Definition of Dyslexia.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Article
- Understanding the experience of adults with dyslexia: a quantitative and qualitative analysis.Annals of dyslexia · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
How prevalent is dyslexia? A definitive answer to this question has been elusive because of the continuous distribution of reading performance and predictors of dyslexia and because of the heterogeneous nature of samples of poor readers. Samples of poor readers are a mixture of individuals whose reading is consistent with or expected based on their performance in other academic areas and in language, and individuals with dyslexia whose reading is not consistent with or expected based on their other performances. In the present article, we replicate and extend a new approach for determining the prevalence of dyslexia. Using model-based meta-analysis and simulation, three main results were found. First, the prevalence of dyslexia is better represented as a distribution that varies as a function of severity as opposed to any single-point estimate. Second, samples of poor readers will contain more expected poor readers than unexpected or dyslexic readers. Third, individuals with dyslexia can be found across the reading spectrum as opposed to only at the lower tail of reading performance. These results have implications for screening and identification, and for recruiting participants for scientific studies of dyslexia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.