Trial reportNature medicine2020
BL-8040, a CXCR4 antagonist, in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: the COMBAT trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02826486 (A Phase IIa, Multicenter, Open-label Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of BL-8040 and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, the COMBAT Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 376 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase IIa, Multicenter, Open-label Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of BL-8040 and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, the COMBAT Study (KEYNOTE-202)
Who cites it
376 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 514 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic regulation and immunosuppressive functions of lipid-associated macrophages in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatic and immune diseases from single-cell omics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Improving Outcomes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review of Immunotherapy in Multimodal Treatment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- CXCL12 expression and the survival of patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- State of the Art of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Intricate roles of estrogen and estrogen receptors in digestive system cancers: a systematic review.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Chemokines as Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- T Cell Exhaustion and Activation Markers in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Motixafortide, cemiplimab, gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a single-arm phase 2 study with single-cell correlatives.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Atezolizumab and motixafortide, cobimetinib or simlukafusp alfa in pretreated advanced pancreatic cancer: phase I/IIb MORPHEUS-PDAC umbrella study.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- A phase 2 trial of CXCR4 antagonism and PD1 inhibition in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma reveals recruitment of T cells but also immunosuppressive macrophages.Oncoimmunology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of second-line therapy by S-1 combined with sintilimab and anlotinib in pancreatic cancer patients with liver metastasis: a single-arm, phase II clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Inflammation and carcinogenesis: molecular targets and small-molecule intervention strategies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Review
- Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: implications for immunotherapy and molecular biomarkers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Review
- Secreted protein circuits in the gastrointestinal tumour microenvironment: determinants of immunotherapy response and resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Immunohistochemical analysis and scRNA-Seq identifies vascular endothelial CXCR4 expression as a predictor of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: from composition to therapeutic targeting.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
316 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 17 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have limited effect in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), underscoring the need to co-target alternative pathways. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade promotes T cell tumor infiltration and is synergistic with anti-PD-1 therapy in PDAC mouse models. We conducted a phase IIa, open-label, two-cohort study to assess the safety, efficacy and immunobiological effects of the CXCR4 antagonist BL-8040 (motixafortide) with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in metastatic PDAC (NCT02826486). The primary outcome was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. In cohort 1, 37 patients with chemotherapy-resistant disease received BL-8040 and pembrolizumab. The DCR was 34.5% in the evaluable population (modified intention to treat, mITT; N = 29), including nine patients (31%) with stable disease and one patient (3.4%) with partial response. Median OS (mOS) was 3.3 months in the ITT population. Notably, in patients receiving study drugs as second-line therapy, the mOS was 7.5 months. BL-8040 increased CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.