ArticleScientific reports2020
Immunotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in different hemocyte subpopulations of Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Vitamin E Mitigates Polystyrene-Nanoplastic-Induced Visual Dysfunction in Zebrafish Larvae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Aquatic Microenvironments Affect Sperm Metabolism and Fertilization ofToxics · 2023Article
- Critical gaps in nanoplastics research and their connection to risk assessment.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- Hemocytes: A Useful Tool for Assessing the Toxicity of Microplastics, Heavy Metals, and Pesticides on Aquatic Invertebrates.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Methodological Approaches To Assess Innate Immunity and Innate Memory in Marine Invertebrates and Humans.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Review
- Bivalve Haemocyte Subpopulations: A Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Too advanced for assessment? Advanced materials, nanomedicine and the environment.Environmental sciences Europe · 2022Review
- Comparison of Different Commercial Nanopolystyrenes: Behavior in Exposure Media, Effects on Immune Function and Early Larval Development in the Model BivalveNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A Comparative Assessment of the Chronic Effects of Micro- and Nano-Plastics on the Physiology of the Mediterranean MusselNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Immunological Responses of Marine Bivalves to Contaminant Exposure: Contribution of the -Omics Approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plastic represents 60-80% of litter in the ocean. Degradation of plastic to small fragments leads to the formation of microplastics (MPs <5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs <1 µm). One of the most widely used and representative plastics found in the ocean is polystyrene (PS). Among marine organisms, the immune system of bivalves is recognized as suitable to assess nanomaterial toxicity. Hemocyte subpopulations [R1 (large granular cells), R2 (small semi-granular cells) and R3 (small agranular or hyaline cells)] of Mytilus galloprovincialis are specialized in particular tasks and functions. The authors propose to examine the effects of different sizes (50 nm, 100 nm and 1 μm) PS NPs on the different immune cells of mussels when they were exposed to (1 and 10 mg·L-1) of PS NPs. The most noteworthy results found in this work are: (i) 1 µm PS NPs provoked higher immunological responses with respect to 50 and 100 nm PS NPs, possibly related to the higher stability in size and shape in hemolymph serum, (ii) the R1 subpopulation was the most affected with respect to R2 and R3 concerning immunological responses and (iii) an increase in the release of toxic radicals, apoptotic signals, tracking of lysosomes and a decrease in phagocytic activity was found in R1.
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Registered trials
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