ArticleBritish journal of cancer2020
The role of sex in the innate and adaptive immune environment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of objectively assessed physical activity with immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment in non-metastatic colon cancer.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Observational
- Benefits and challenges of adding BKM120 to a BI-3406 plus trametinib combination therapy.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Evaluating neoantigen-vaccine responses through mechanistic and model-based frameworks.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Colorectal Tumor-Associated T-cell Responses.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Time-restricted feeding extends healthspan in both sexes and lifespan in male C57BL/6 J mice.Nature aging · 2026Article
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- A Stable RNA Vaccine Against the Regulatory Peptide Adrenomedullin Reduces Angiogenesis and Tumor Burden in a Subcutaneous Melanoma Model Without Inducing an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Time-Restricted Feeding Extends Healthspan in Female and Lifespan in Male C57BL/6J Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Induced clustering of SHP2-depleted tumor cells in vascular islands restores sensitivity to MEK/ERK inhibition.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Tumor immunomodulation by nanoparticle and focused ultrasound alters gut microbiome in a sexually dimorphic manner.Theranostics · 2025Article
- The Innate Immune System and the TRAIL-Bcl-XL Axis Mediate a Sex Bias in Lung Cancer and Confer a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Females.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Effect of colorectal cancer stem cells on the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Sex Matters-Insights from Testing Drug Efficacy in an Animal Model of Pancreatic Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- Article
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- Identification of glutamine metabolism-related gene signature to predict colorectal cancer prognosis.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- The Demographic Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patients in Indonesia: Insights from a Single Center Experience and Exploration of Immune Response and Survival Outcomes.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Implications of single-cell immune landscape of tumor microenvironment for the colorectal cancer diagnostics and therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Male-Biased Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Aggravate Colorectal Cancer Development.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen with colorectal cancer (CRC) have a significant survival advantage over men. Sex influences on the tumour microenvironment (TME) are not well characterised, despite the importance of immune response in CRC. We hypothesised that sex-divergent immune responses could contribute to survival.
methodsUsing a murine model of metastatic CRC, we examined T cells, macrophages, and cytokines locally and systemically. TME and serum cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based arrays, while FCA was used to identify cells and phenotypes. IHC provided spatial confirmation of T cell infiltration.
resultsFemales had increased survival and T cell infiltration. CD8, CD4 and Th2 populations correlated with longer survival. Males had increased serum levels of chemokines and inflammation-associated cytokines. Within the TME, males had lower cytokine levels than females, and a shallower cytokine gradient to the periphery. Female tumours had elevated IL-10+ macrophages, which correlated with survival.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate survival-associated differences in the immune response of males and females to metastatic CRC. Females showed changes in cytokine production accompanied by increased immune cell populations, biased toward Th2-axis phenotypes. Key differences in the immune response to CRC correlated with survival in this model. These differences support a multi-faceted shift across the TME.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.