ArticleAnnals of intensive care2020
The end-expiratory occlusion test for detecting preload responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Annals of intensive care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Context-specific clinical applicability of the end-expiratory occlusion test to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Superior vena cava collapsibility index as a predictor of fluid responsiveness: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Variables influencing the prediction of fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Can carotid artery Doppler variations induced by the end-expiratory occlusion maneuver predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients?Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- The increase in cardiac output induced by a decrease in positive end-expiratory pressure reliably detects volume responsiveness: the PEEP-test study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness: physiological basis and clinical limits.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Fluid management methods for severely burned patients: a narrative review.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Review
- Treatment Response Phenotyping Informed by Patient Physiologic Characteristics Could Drive Precision Critical Care Through Augmented Intelligence: A Narrative Review.CHEST critical care · 2026Article
- Variation of perfusion index to evaluate fluid responsiveness during the preload challenge tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients: A Guide for Emergency Physicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Real-time changes in pulse pressure during a 10-second end-expiratory occlusion test reliably detect preload responsiveness.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- SIGHCritical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Trendelenburg position is a reasonable alternative to passive leg raising for predicting volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Using the ventilator to predict fluid responsiveness.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- How to integrate hemodynamic variables during resuscitation of septic shock?Journal of intensive medicine · 2023Review
- Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Using Combined End-Expiratory and End-Inspiratory Occlusion Tests in Cardiac Surgical Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- How I personalize fluid therapy in septic shock?Critical care (London, England) · 2023Review
- Hemodynamic Implications of Prone Positioning in Patients with ARDS.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Review
- Tidal volume challenge to predict preload responsiveness in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome under prone position.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the end-expiratory occlusion test (EEXPO test)-induced changes in cardiac output (CO) measured by any haemodynamic monitoring device, as indicators of preload responsiveness.
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database were screened for original articles. Bivariate random-effects meta-analysis determined the Area under the Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUSROC) curve of EEXPO test-induced changes in CO to detect preload responsiveness, as well as pooled sensitivity and specificity and the best diagnostic threshold.
resultsThirteen studies (530 patients) were included. Nine studies were performed in the intensive care unit and four in the operating room. The pooled sensitivity and the pooled specificity for the EEXPO test-induced changes in CO were 0.85 [0.77-0.91] and 0.88 [0.83-0.91], respectively. The AUSROC curve was 0.91 [0.86-0.94] with the best threshold of CO increase at 5.1 ± 0.2%. The accuracy of the test was not different when changes in CO were monitored through pulse contour analysis compared to other methods (AUSROC: 0.93 [0.91-0.95] vs. 0.87 [0.82-0.96], respectively, p = 0.62). Also, it was not different in studies in which the tidal volume was ≤ 7 mL/kg compared to the remaining ones (AUSROC: 0.96 [0.92-0.97] vs. 0.89 [0.82-0.95] respectively, p = 0.44). Subgroup analyses identified one possible source of heterogeneity.
conclusionsEEXPO test-induced changes in CO reliably detect preload responsiveness. The diagnostic performance is not influenced by the method used to track the EEXPO test-induced changes in CO. Trial registration The study protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO: CRD42019138265.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.