ArticleBMJ open2020
Hypothetical interventions and risk of myocardial infarction in a general population: application of the parametric g-formula in a longitudinal cohort study-the Tromsø Study.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atrial fibrillation and risk of myocardial infarction by sex and time since diagnosis. The Tromsø Study 1994-2021.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating Model Specification When Using the Parametric G-Formula in the Presence of Censoring.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Longitudinal effects of lipid indices on incident cardiovascular diseases adjusting for time-varying confounding using marginal structural models: 25 years follow-up of two US cohort studies.Global epidemiology · 2022Article
- Mental health in people with Parkinson's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: potential for targeted interventions?NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to use the parametric g-formula to estimate the 19-year risk of myocardial infarction (MI) under hypothetical interventions on six cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN AND
settingA populations-based cohort study with repeated measurements, the Tromsø Study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Myocardial infarction.
participantsWe estimated the relative and absolute risk reduction under feasible and intensive risk reduction strategies for smoking, physical activity, alcohol drinking, body mass index, total serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in 14 965 men and women with 19 years of follow-up (1994-2013).
resultsThe estimated 19-year risk of MI under no intervention was 7.5% in individuals with baseline mean age 49.3 years (range 25-69). This risk was reduced by 30% (95% CI 19% to 39%) under joint feasible interventions on all risk factors, and 70% (60%, 78%) under a set of more intensive interventions. The most effective interventions were lowering of total cholesterol to 5.18 mmol/L and lowering of systolic blood pressure to 120 mm Hg (33% and 37% lower MI risk, respectively). The absolute risk reductions were significantly larger in men, in older participants, in smokers and in those with low education.
conclusionModification of population levels of cardiovascular risk factors could have prevented close to one-third of the cases of MI in the municipality of Tromsø during 19 years of follow-up.
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